Journal Articles

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Matumizi ya Kiswahili katika Mawasiliano na Uongozi wa Kidini katika Shule za Upili Nchini Kenya: Mfano wa Shule ya Wasichana ya Itigo
(East African Journal of Swahili Studies, 2023-03-06) Kipchirchir, Joachim Melly; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai
Utafiti huu ulichunguza matumizi ya Kiswahili katika mawasiliano na uongozi wa kidini katika shule ya wasichana ya Itigo. Ulilenga kubaini jinsi lugha ya Kiswahili hutumika katika kuwasilisha maudhui ya kidini, sera za matumizi ya lugha, na athari ya matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili katika kuwasilisha ujumbe wa kidini. Nadharia ya umilisi mawasiliano yake De ll Hymes (1966) iliongoza utafiti. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutumia hojaji, mahojiano na uchunzaji. Wanafunzi thelathini wa kidato cha nne, viongozi kumi wa kidini wa wanafunzi na kasisi mmoja wa shule walihusishwa katika ukusanyaji wa data. Matokeo yalibaini kuwa sera ya lugha katika shule ya wasichana ya Itigo ilipendelea matumizi ya Kingereza kama lugha ya mawasiliano. Wanafunzi walisema kuwa lugha ya Kiswahili inapotumika katika mahubiri, ujumbe hueleweka zaidi. Vilevile, ilidhihirika kuwa viongozi wa kidin i wa wanafunzi hutumia lugha ya Kiswahili kuwasiliana katika mikutano yao lakini wao huandika kumbukumbu kwa lugha ya Kiingereza. Isitoshe, ilibainika kuwa lugha anayoitumia zaidi kasisi wa shule katika mahubiri yake ni Kiingereza. Licha ya uwezo wa Kiswah ili katika kufanikisha mawasiliano kuhusu maswala ya kidini shuleni, Kiingereza ndicho hutumika zaidi. Kunahitajika mabadiliko katika sera ya lugha shuleni ili kuipa lugha ya Kiswahili nafasi zaidi katika mawasiliano ya kidini .
Maadhimisho ya Siku kuu ya Kiswahili Duniani: Upi mwelekeo mwafaka?
(Jarida la Kiswahili Sanifu, 2024-11-27) Miruka, Frida; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai; Ngugi, Pamela; Jagero, Juliet
Lugha ya Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za Kiafrika zinazozungumzwa zaidi ulimwenguni ikiwa na zaidi ya wasemaji Millioni 250. Hali hii pamoja na hadhi na dhima ya Kiswahili katika jamii mbalimbali ilipelekea shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni (UNESCO) katika kikao chake cha 41 kutangaza Julai tarehe 7 kuwa siku kuu ya Kiswahili duniani. Hatua hii ilikifanya Kiswahili kuwa lugha ya kwanza ya Kiafrika kutambuliwa na Umoja wa Mataifa na kuwa na siku maalum ya kuadhimishwa. Katika maadhimisho ya tatu yaliyofanyika mwaka 2024 kote duniani, Jumuia ya Afrika mashariki kupitia Kamisheni ya Kiswahili ya Afrika Mashariki (KAKAMA) iliandaa sherehe nchini Kenya kwa kushirikiana na Wizara ya Jinsia, Utamaduni, Sanaa na Turathi. Wadau waliohusishwa walikuwa baadhi ya wanataaluma, wapenzi wa lugha ya Kiswahili na Jamii ya Waswahili mjini Mombasa. Maadhimisho haya hata hivyo hayakuwahusisha wadau wote ambao wamechangia kuiinua lugha hii na kuipa sura ya Lugha ya Ulimwengu. Baadhi yao ni wataalamu kutoka vyuo vikuu mbalimbali, waandishi wa vitabu, wanahabari na walimu wa Kiswahili. Mipango ya kuandaa sherehe katika baadhi ya vyuo maalumu haikufua dafu huku vyuo vingine vikiadhimisha siku hii kando na sherehe iliyoandaliwa na KAKAMA. Kukifungia Kiswahili katika jamii na utamaduni wa Waswahili pia kunaishusha hadhi lugha hii kama lugha ya Ulimwengu. Swali linalozuka ni Je, pana haja ya kuweka mpango mwafaka wa kuadhimisha siku hii? Makala hii inaangazia nafasi ya Kiswahili katika jamii na kutathmini Maadhimisho ya Siku ya Kiswahili kwa lengo la kupendekeza mikakati ya kuyaimarisha ili kujenga taswira ya lugha ya Kiswahili kama lugha ya ulimwengu. Pendekezo kuu la Makala hii ni kuhimiza ushirikiano wa wadau wote katika maadhimisho ya Siku kuu ya Kiswahili duniani.
Mabadiliko ya Itikadi za Ujinaishaji katika Jamii ya Wakuria
(Jarida la Kiswahili Sanifu, 2024-11-27) Mwikali, Roseline; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai; Ogola, James
Dunia ya leo ya kiutandawazi inawezesha mtagusano wa umma wa kimataifa kidijitali unaoendelea kushuhudia utamaduni chipukizi wa ujinaishaji unaozidi kushika kasi. Hivyo, makala hii inachanganua mabadiliko katika ruwaza za ujinaishaji yanayotokana na athariya elimu ya magharibi, dini, teknolojia, na utawala katika jamii ya Wakuria pamoja na athari zake. Wakuria ni jamii ndogo ya kundi la Wabantu wa Magharibi inayopatikana katika Kaunti ya Migori nchini Kenya kwenye ujirani na nchi ya Tanzania. Ujinaishaji ni sehemu muhimu ya maisha ya jamii ya Wakuria kwani ni utambulisho wao. Aidha, sawa na jamii nyingine zile, ujinaishaji huwa dafina ya historia yao. Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Hakiki wa Usemi mtazamo wa Kihistoria yao Wodak na Reisgil(2001)ilikuwadira katika uchanganuzi wa data zilizokusanywa. Data ambayo imetumika katika makala hii ilikusanywa kwa njia ya mahojiano ya ana kwa ana pamoja na majadiliano ya makundi. Idadi ya sampuli ilikuwa watu 42; wa kike 18 na wa kiume 24. Makala hii imebainisha kuwa mabadiliko ya kielimu, kiuchumi, kiteknolojia, kiutawala na kidini yamekuwa na athari kubwa kiitikadi katika ujinaishaji miongoni mwa Wakuria. Majilio ya elimu ya magharibi, uhuru wa kufanya biashara, mifumo ya kisiasa na mtagusano wa kiteknolojia umepelekea ukopaji wa majina kutoka makabila mengine nchini Kenya na ulimwenguni kote miongoni mwa jamii ya Wakuria. Hili linamaanisha kuwa itikadi za ujinsia zilizohodhiwa na kushamirishwa na majina ya kiasili ya Wakuria zinazidi kufifia kila uchao.
Matumizi ya Lugha ya Kinandi katika Kuendeleza Kilimo kupitia Vipindi vya Runinga ya Kass
(East African Journal of Swahili Studies, 2025-05-07) Kipchirchir, Joachim Melly; Wamalwa, Eric Walela; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai
Wakulima wengi nchini Kenya hupatikana katika maeneo ya mashambani ambako mawasiliano mengi huwa katika lugha za kiasili. Vyombo vya habari ni miongoni mwa asasi ambazo zimechangia pakubwa katika kukuza matumizi ya lugha za kiasili na kuwahamasisha wananch i kuhusu kilimo. Kwa sababu hiyo, juhudi nyingi zimeelekezwa katika kuwafikia wakulima ambao ni wahusika wakuu katika sekta ya kilimo ili kuwapa elimu ya kujiendeleza. Lugha ya Kinandi ni mojawapo ya lugha za kiasili ambayo hutumiwa katika runinga ya Kass. Utafiti huu ulilenga kuchunguza jinsi lugha ya Kinandi hutumika kuinua viwango vya kilimo miongoni mwa wanajamii kupitia vipindi vya runinga ya Kass. Utafiti huu ulifanyika katika kaunti ya Nandi. Uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Uanzilishi wa Ajenda ya McCombs na Shaw (1993). Watazamaji waliteuliwa kinasibu ili kuhusishwa katika utafiti. Watazamaji 264 walihusishwa katika ukusanyaji wa data. Mbinu za hojaji, uchunzaji na mahojiano zilitumika katika kukusanya data. Vifaa vilivyotumika kukusanya data ni: mwongozo wa utazamaji, hojaji na mwongozo wa maswali ya mahojiano. Data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa kimaelezo kwa kuzingatia lengo la utafiti kisha ikawasilishwa kwa kutumia asilimia na majedwali. Matokeo ya utafiti yalithibitisha kuwa lugha ya kinandi inayotumik a kuwasilisha vipindi vya kilimo iliwasaidia sana wakulima kuimarisha mapato katika kilimo. Utafiti huu unatarajiwa kuwa wa manufaa kwa wanajamii kwa kuwa ulitoa mwanga kuhusu umuhimu wa matumizi ya lugha za kiasili katika kuinua viwango vya kilimo
Mandhari katika Nyimbo za Kizazi Kipya Mtandaoni Zinazohusu Mapambano Dhidi ya Dawa za Kulevya
(East African Journal of Swahili Studies, 2025-05-12) Ndinyo, Stephen Muyundo; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai; Musungu, Joseph Juma
Mapambano dhidi ya dawa za kulevya ni miongoni mwa masuala yanayosawiriwa katika nyimbo za kizazi kipya mtandaoni. Katika kufanya hivyo, nyimbo hizo hutumia vipengele mbalimbali vya kisanii. Mojawapo kati ya vipengele hivyo ni mandhari, huku usukaji mzuri wa mandhari ukichangia fanaka katika uwasilishaji wa ujumbe wa nyimbo hizo. Makala haya yalichunguza mandhari katika mapambano dhidi ya dawa za kulevya kupitia nyimbo za kizazi kipya mtandaoni. Makala yaliongozwa na Nadharia ya Utendaji katika Fasihi Simul izi iliyoasisiwa na Wallace Bacon katika mwaka wa 1957. Muundo wa kithamano mkabala wa kiutendaji ulitumika katika makala haya. Uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo ulitumika kukusanya data kutoka kwa video za nyimbo za kizazi kipya kuhusu dawa za kulevya katika mtanda o wa YouTube ambao uliteuliwa kimaksudi. Aidha, nyimbo ziliteuliwa kimaksudi. Kisha, nyimbo hizo zilitabakishwa kidhima na kwa kurejelea aina tofauti za dawa za kulevya zinazosawiriwa. Jumla ya nyimbo 5 zilitumika. Data iliwasilishwa kwa kutumia maelezo ya kifafanuzi na mijadala, mifano na dondoo kutoka kwenye uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo. Matokeo yalionyesha kwamba aina mbalimbali ya mandhari yalibainika katika video za nyimbo za kizazi kipya kuhusu mapambano dhidi ya dawa za kulevya mtandaoni. Mandhari ya klab u, nyumbani, barabarani, mjini, mtaani na yale ya wakati yalitumika katika vita dhidi ya uraibu wa dawa za kulevya katika jamii. Aina hizi za mandhari zilotoa mchango katika kuwasilisha ujumbe kuhusu vita dhidi ya dawa za kulevya. Utafiti unapendekeza kwam ba kuna haja ya kuchunguza mandhari kuhusiana na mapambano dhidi ya dawa za kulevya kwa kurejelea aina nyinginezo za nyimbo mbali na zile za kizazi kipya. Pili, ni vyema mandhari yatafitiwe katika tanzu nyingine za fasihi pepe kama vile vichekesho, filamu na vipindi vya runinga kwa kurejelea suala la dawa za kulevya .
Uimarishaji wa Lugha za Kiasili Kupitia Vyombo vya Habari: Mfano wa Kinandi katika Runinga ya Kass
(Editon Consortium Journal of Kiswahili, 2025-07-07) Kipchirchir, Joachim Melly; Wamalwa, Eric Walela; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai
Lugha za kiasili ni muhimu sana katika kufanikisha mawasiliano kwa kuwa hutumiwa na watu wengi. Hata hivyo lugha hizi zinapitia changamoto kwa kuwa idadi ya wazungumzaji inazidi kupunguka. Hii ni kwa sababu lugha hizi zinapuuzwa huku lugha za Kiswahili na Kingereza zikitukuzwa. Hali hii inawafanya watu wengi kutumia Kiswahili katika mawasiliano ya mara kwa mara. Kutokana na umuhimu wa lugha za kiasili, ipo haja ya kuziimarisha. Makala hii inafafanua jinsi vipindi vya kilimo katika runinga ya Kass vinachangia katika uimarishaji wa lugha ya Kinandi. Uchunguzi uliozaa makala hii ulifanyika katika kaunti ya Nandi. Uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Mawasiliano ya Sperka (1966). Washiriki 264 waliteuliwa kinasibu ili kuhusishwa katika uchunguzi. Mbinu za hojaji, utazamaji na mahojiano zilitumika katika kukusanya data. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mwongozo wa utazamaji, hojaji na mwongozo wa maswali ya mahojiano. Data zilizokusanywa zilichanganuliwa kitakwimu na kimaelezo kwa kuzingatia lengo la utafiti kisha zikawasilishwa kwa kutumia asilimia na majedwali. Kutokana na uchunguzi huu, tumetambua kuwa lugha ya Kinandi inaweza kuimarishwa kupitia njia zifuatazo: Kuhimiza matumizi ya Kinandi katika mawasiliano ya mara kwa mara, kuwafundisha watoto kama lugha ya kwanza, kuifundisha shuleni kama mojawapo ya masomo, kuhimiza matumizi katika vyombo vya habari na kuhifadhi kwenye maandishi.
Athari ya Uraibu wa Dawa za Kulevya kwa wanajamii kupitia Nyimbo za Kizazi Kipya Mtandaoni
(Eastern Africa Journal of Kiswahili, 2025-07-06) Ndinyo, Stephen Muyundo; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai; Musungu, Joseph Juma
Suala la dawa za kulevya ni mojawapo ya masuala ibuka lenye athari kubwa katika jamii huku mtandao ukichangia hali hii. Makala haya yalichunguza madhara yake yalivyosawiriwa katika mapambano dhidi ya mihadarati kupitia nyimbo za kizazi kipya mtandaoni. Kazi hii iliongozwa na Nadharia ya Athari ya Vyombo vya Habari iliyoasisiwa na McLuhan’s (1964). Muundo wa kithamano mkabala wa kiutendaji ulitumika. Mbinu ya ukusanyaji data iliyotumika ni uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo. Mwongozo wa uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo ulitumika kukusanya data mtandaoni. Umma lengwa ulihusisha nyimbo za kizazi kipya na mtandao. Mbinu ya usampulishaji wa kimaksudi ilitumika kuchagua nyimbo za kizazi kipya za Kiswahili, suala la dawa za kulevya na mtandao wa You Tube. Kisha, usampulishaji wa kitabaka ulitumika kuainisha nyimbo kidhima na kwa kurejelea aina tofauti ya mihadarati iliyosawiriwa. Jumla ya nyimbo tano na mtandao mmoja ulilengwa. Kazi hii ililenga kupata data ya kimaelezo iliyowasilishwa kwa kutumia maelezo ya kifafanuzi, mijadala, mifano na dondoo. Matokeo ya kazi hii ni kwamba nyimbo za kizazi kipya ziliangazia athari zake kwa jamii, familia na waraibu wa dawa tofauti za kulevya kama njia mojawapo ya kuhamasisha jamii katika mapambano dhidi ya mihadarati. Makala haya yanapendekeza mitandao mbalimbali tofauti na ule wa YouTube kutafitiwa kwa kurejelea madhara ya mihadarati. Pili, uchunguzi wa athari ya uraibu wa mihadarati kwa kurejelea nyimbo nyinginezo mbali na zile za kizazi kipya. Hatimaye, madhara ya mihadarati pia yatafitiwe katika tanzu nyingine za fasihi pepe kama vile vichekesho, filamu na vipindi vya runinga
Mchango wa Kinandi katika Kuihamasisha Jamii kuhusu Ustawi wa Kilimo Kupitia Vipindi vya Runinga ya KASS
(Jarida la Kiswahili Sanifu, 2025-08-29) Kipchirchir, Melly; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai; Wamalwa, Eric
Moja kati ya ajenda kuu za serikali ya sasa ya Kenya ni ustawi wa kilimo ambao huleta utoshelevu wa chakula na hivyo kuchangia katika kupunguza gharama ya maisha. Wakulima wengi nchini humo hupatikana katika maeneo ya mashambani ambako mawasiliano mengi huwa katika lugha za kiasili. Wakati uo huo vyombo vya habari ni miongoni mwa asasi ambazo zimechangia pakubwa katika kukuza matumizi ya lugha za kiasili na kuwahamasisha wananchi kuhusu kilimo. Lugha ya Kinandi ambayo hutumiwa katika runinga ya Kass, ni mojawapo ya lugha za kiasili nchini Kenya. Utafiti huu ulilenga kuchunguza mchango wa lugha ya Kinandi katika kuihamasisha jamii kuhusu ustawi wa kilimo kupitia vipindi vya kilimo katika runinga ya Kass. Utafiti ulifanyika katika kaunti ya Nandi. Uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ethnografia ya Mawasiliano ya Hymes (1972). Watazamaji waliteuliwa kinasibu ili kuhusishwa katika utafiti. Watazamaji 264 walihusishwa katika ukusanyaji wa data. Isitoshe watangazaji 9 vilevile walihusishwa. Mbinu za hojaji, uchunzaji na mahojiano zilitumika katika kukusanya data. Vifaa vilivyotumika kukusanya data ni: mwongozo wa utazamaji, hojaji na mwongozo wa maswali ya mahojiano. Data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa kimaelezo kisha ikawasilishwa kwa kutumia asilimia na majedwali. Utafiti huu unatarajiwa kuwa wa manufaa kwa wanajamii kwa kuwa ulitoa mwanga kuhusu jinsi wanajamii huhamasishwa kuhusu ustawi wa kilimo kupitia vipindi vya kilimo katika runinga ya KASS.
Effective Communication for Inclusivity in Working towards the Attainment of Beta and Vision 2030.
(International Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2025-11-30) Wakahia, Samuel Kairigo; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai
The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of communication as an inclusivity strategy for achieving Beta and Vision 2030. The objectives were to assess the level of awareness of the Beta and Vision 2030 agendas, to analyse the uptake of the Beta and Vision 2030 strategies among Kenyan Citizens, and to propose better communication modalities that can enhance and bring on board citizen participation. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was adopted for this study. An online questionnaire was used to collect data through a selected sample of respondents. In total, 200 respondents participated in the survey. Quantitative aspects of the data were analysed using SPSS, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that while communication efforts have achieved broad awareness of Vision 2030 and, to a lesser extent, the BETA initiative, they fall short in deepening public understanding and fostering a sense of inclusive participation. While communication has raised awareness, it has not translated into widespread access, participation, or engagement with the BETA and Vision 2030 strategies. Citizen participation in BETA and Vision 2030 remains constrained by several communication barriers, including inadequate outreach, mistrust, low literacy, and limited access to inclusive platforms. The findings emphasise that achieving Beta and Vision 2030 requires a communication framework that is inclusive, adaptable, and responsive to the needs of all individuals, ultimately leading to sustainable and equitable development.
Assessing the Long-Term Changes in Selected Meteorological Parameters over the North-Rift, Kenya: A Regional Climatology Perspective
(Hydrology, 2024-12-03) Makokha, John Wanjala; Masayi, Nelly Nambande; Barasa, Peter; Ikoha, Peters Anselemo; Konje, Martha Muthoni; Mutonyi, Jonathan; Okello, Victor Samuel; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Majengo, Collins Otieno; Khamala, Geoffrey Wanjala
Understanding long-term trends in climatic variables is essential for assessing climate change impacts on regional ecosystems and human livelihoods. A regional analysis of climatic variables over some domains is inevitable due to their geographical location and importance to the agricultural sector. Due to the aforementioned demands, the current study analyzes, trends in precipitation (from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS)), and minimum and maximum temperatures (from TerraClimate) over the North-Rift region of Kenya for over thirty (30) years using satellite data. The seasonal decomposition analysis was performed for each variable to explore the trends and residual components. The findings by the current study indicate that most counties, have experienced enhance precipitation which corresponds to a declining diurnal temperature from 2019 onwards. The seasonality component reveals repeated patterns or variations occurring at steady intervals within each region's data, hence suggesting a distinct regional seasonal trend in the selected meteorological parameters over time. Basically, all counties have reported a relatively constant variability in both maximum and minimum temperatures during the study period except from 2017 onwards where significant variability in the two properties is recorded. In conclusion, the foregoing results that the selected climatic variables exhibit significant spatiotemporal and interannual variability
Sugarcane response to liming, manuring and inorganic fertilizers on acid acrisols in western Kenya
(International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 2014-09-28) Mutonyi, Jonathan,; Shibairo Solomon I.; Chemining’wa G. Ndiema; Olubayo F.M.; Keya N.C.O.; Nyongesa, H.W.; Konje, Martha
Effects of agricultural lime, organic manure and selected inorganic fertilizers on sugarcane growth, yield and quality were determined in four trials conducted from 2009-2011 on acid acrisols in western Kenya. Predominantly grown sugarcane variety CO 945 was used in all experiments that were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised absolute control (no manure, no fertilizer), compost (18 t/ha), compost (18 t/ha+100 kg/ha diammonium phosphate (DAP) + 100 kg/ha Urea), standard practice (200 kg DAP + 200 kg Urea), agricultural lime (3 t/ha + 200 kg/ha DAP + 200 kg/ha Urea), agricultural lime (3 t/ha + 100 kg/ha DAP + 100 kg/ha Urea), Mavuno NPK (350 kg/ha + 200 kg/ha Urea) and Single Super Phosphate (SSP 450 kg/ha + 200 kg/ha Urea). Soil analysis results generally indicated low levels of pH, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic carbon and C.E.C in all sites. The soils were classified as acrisols with sandy clay, clay loam and sandy clay loam texture and high bulk density in all sites. Emergence, tillering, stalk number, height, inter-node length, cane and sugar yields differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the treatments in all locations. Higher cane and sugar yields were consistently recorded in treatments where agricultural lime and compost were included. There was no difference in yield between treatments that received full or half dose of the recommended Nor P along with the lime and compost amendments. Juice quality was highest in the SSP+Urea treatment ranging from 13.58 - 14.43 % Pol and lowest in the compost treatment ranging from 11.43- 13.37 % Pol. Smut incidence was notable in the compost and control treatments. Agronomic efficiency was highest in treatments where compost and agricultural lime were included, ranging from 90.3 to 481.5 kg sugarcane/kg nutrient. Highest net returns and value cost ratios were also recorded in treatments with compost and agricultural lime. Results of this study clearly demonstrated that utilization of agricultural lime and organic compost along with inorganic fertilizers improved sugarcane yield with potential benefits of reduced dosage of N and P to 50% of the local recommendation.
Effects of N and K fertilization of sugarcane (Saccharum oficinarum) on acrisols in western Kenya
(Elixir Agriculture, 2014-02-11) Mutonyi, Jonathan; Shibairo Solomon I.; Chemining’wa, G.N.; Olubayo, F.O.; Nyongesa, H.W.; Konje, M. M.
Sugarcane fertilization in Kenyan plantations is largely concentrated on Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Use of Potassium, secondary nutrients and micronutrients is altogether missing. Recent soil analysis results indicate that soils in the Mumias Sugar zone of western Kenya that accounts for 50-60 % of national production are K- deficient. In examining the quality factor in sugarcane payment systems as envisaged in recent legislation, adoption of balanced nutrition by inclusion of K would help improve sugar cane productivity and enhance sugar recovery. This paper reports the effect of K, N and their interaction on sugarcane yield and juice quality on acrisols. Four experiments were established in several locations from 2009- 2011. The treatments included a factorial combination of four rates of K at 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha K2O and four rates of N at 0, 46, 92 and 138 kg/ha N. Recommended basal phosphate was included in every plot at 92 kg/ha P2O5. Each experiment was harvested after 18 months of growth. Results showed significant responses to K and N. Agronomic efficiency was higher in plots supplied with K along with N. Nitrogen and K2O application rates that produced optimum cane yields were: N = 46kg/ha and K2O = 60 kg/ha; however, economically profitable rates were N = 46-92 kg/ha and K2O at 60 kg/ha. Productivity gains did not offset costs when rates were higher than 120 kg/ha of K2O and 138 kg/ha of N. The results imply that the inclusion of K in the sugar cane fertilization regime at Mumias will be beneficial. An initial rate of 60kg/ha K2O (2 bags of 50 kg muriate of potash is recommended on soils with K-deficiency. There were strong indications that with K fertilization the current N recommendation of 120 – 150 kg N/ha could be reduced to only 78-92 kg/ha due to better N utilization from the interaction with K.
Effects of agricultural lime and phosphorus application to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) growth, yield and quality
(International Journal of AgriScience, 2014-11-05) Shibairo, Solomon Igosangwa; Chemining’wa, George Ndiema; Mutonyi, Jonathan
Effects of agricultural lime (L), phosphorus (P) and their interaction on sugarcane growth, yield and quality were determined in field experiments conducted between 2009 and 2011 in the Mumias sugar zone (MSZ) of western Kenya. Treatments consisted of two levels of L at 0 and 3 tons/ha and five rates of P at 0, 46, 92, 138 and 184 kg/ha P2O5 laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Emergence, tillering, stalk population, height, inter-node length, millable cane, sugar cane and sugar yields were significantly (p<0.05) high with L and with P application. Sugarcane yield was increased 28.1-45.2 % with increase in P in limed compared with 19.0 – 19.8 % in un-limed treatments. Although incremental levels of P improved the sugarcane growth and quality parameters, there were no differences among P levels beyond 92 kg/ha P2O5. While higher value cost ratios (VCR) were observed in un-limed treatments, net returns (NR) were higher in the limed treatments. It is suggested that the inclusion of agricultural lime in the fertilizer regime in MSZ is necessary and cost effective. Where agricultural lime is applied the recommended P dose of 92 kg/ha P2O5 be reduced to 46 kg/ha P2O5
Incidence And Prevalence of Ratoon Stunting Disease (Leifsonia Xyli Subsp. Xyli, Evtushenko) In The Mumias Sugar Cane Growing Zone Kenya
(IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2016-11-05) Mutonyi, Jonathan; Nyongesa, H.
Surveys of ratoon stunting disease (RSD) incidence in sugar cane crop (Sacharrum officinurum L) in Mumias were conducted between 2012-2016. Majority of farms constituted seed cane and commercial fields were randomly selected for survey purposes. Samples from 967 farms in four main growing zones including the miller-owned nucleus estate were collected and diagnosed. Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 967 households, while purposive sampling was used to select commercial fields. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Incidence of RSD in the mill supply areas stood at 37%. Disease prevalence was high in N 14 (50%) followed by KEN 83-737 (47%), CO 617 (42%), EAK 73335 (38%), CO 945 and CO 421 each at (37%) and other varieties (27%). There was a positive significant impact on disease occurrence on ratoon crops (p < 0.05). Variety, zone and crop cycle were all significant in influencing the prevalence of RSD. The incidence of RSD was serious in Mumias sugar zone and could be contributing to the low sugarcane yields. Rigorous field hygiene measures such as sterilization of cane knives at harvesting, eradication of volunteer cane and consistent production of healthy seed cane through hot water treatment should be emphasized.
What Do Data on Dry Bulk Density (BD) And Porosity (P) Tell About The Quality of Soils in the Mumias Sugar Zone, Western Kenya?
(IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 2019-03-05) Mutonyi, Jonathan; Muturi, P.
A study conducted from 2009-2011 on soils in the Mumias sugar zone of western Kenya involved the determination of dry bulk density (BD), moisture content (MC) and porosity (P) in 31 sites. Bulk density varied from site to site ranging from 1.46 g/cm3 to 1.81 g/ cm3; BD was generally higher in the 30-60 cm layer than in the 0-30 cm layer. Soil moisture content varied from one sampling site to another ranging from 17.8 – 37.5 %. Soils were drier in the top 0-30 cm layer than in the lower 30-60 cm layer. Average porosity ranged from 31.9% - 44.5%. Porosity, being inversely related to BD was highest in areas with least BD. Porosity was generally higher in the top soil 0-30 cm layer than in the lower 30-60 cm soil layer. This study demonstrated that the sugarcane production practices in Mumias had led to serious deterioration of two soil physical quality parameters the bulk density (BD) and porosity which may have contributed to sugarcane yield decline over the years. The enhancement of minimum tillage practices, green cane harvesting, trash blanketing, good soil conservation practices and avoidance of heavy machinery on fields in the wet on both the miller owned farm and among smallholder farmers is recommended
The occurrence of sugarcane yellow aphid (Sipha flava (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Kakamega North Sub-County, Kenya
(IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2019-06-25)
he outbreak of sugarcane yellow aphid (Sipha flava (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Kenya was first reported in the Transmara and South Nyanza sugar zones in 2016. The pest has subsequently observed in the major sugar producing counties in Western Kenya. Serious concerns emerged in the 2018 and 2019 crop seasons when several sugarcane farms in Kakamega County began withering following attack by the pest. A surveillance survey was necessary to ascertain the areas affected in Kakamega North sub county that hosts two leading private sugar millers. Surveys conducted over 6 months revealed that variety CO 421 predominantly grown in the factory zones was severely affected. Plant and ratoon cane crop aged 3-8 months was severely attacked. A prolonged dry spell in the region worsened the pest attacks.The aphids were observed in dense colonies on the lower leaf surface of the sugarcane. Use of pyrethrin lambda-cyhalothrin 17.5 g/L (Duduthrin 1,75EC) at 0.5 lt. in 200-300 L water was recommended as a short term measure with good control of the pest The crop on some farms recovered at late onset of the 2019 rainy season
A Promising Early Maturing Sugarcane Variety from the East African Sugar Development Project (EASDP)
(Open Access Library Journal, 2022-06-10) Mutonyi, Jonathan; Khaemba, Michael Jones
Variety FR 95-2345 imported from Visacane, Cirad germplasm collection in Montpellier, France through the East African Sugar Development Project was evaluated along with five locally bred sugarcane varieties KEN 98-530, KEN 98-533, KEN 00-3811, KEN 82-472 and KEN 83-737 from 2017-2019 at Mu- mias in Western Kenya. The varieties were selected for earliness in maturity. Variety KEN 83-737 was included as a local standard and the plant crop was harvested at the age of 17 months. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the varieties in all sampled parameters. The highest yielding va- riety was KEN 83-737 at 135.6 t/ha followed by KEN 98-530 at 111.5 t/ha and FR 95-2345 at 95.6 t/ha. The lowest yield was recorded on variety KEN 82-472 at 37.9 t/ha. No common diseases and pests were observed on the crop throughout the experiments. From the result, one locally bred variety KEN 98-530 and FR 95-2345 imported from Cirad were promising, having achieved 82.7% and 70.5% yield compared with the local standard. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in cane quality from the Brix readings, however, variety FR 95-2345 recorded the highest top:bottom ratio of 0.77, a desirable indicator for earliness in maturity. Testing of the two varieties for ratooning ability is recommended. Promotion and expansion of the area un- der fast-maturing varieties will address the raw material shortage that has negatively affected the sugar industry in Kenya.
Socio-economic Determinants of Sugarcane-Soybean Intercropping among Smallholder Farmers in Awendo Sub-County, Kenya
(Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 2022-11-01) Ouko, Kevin Okoth; Ogola, Robert John O.; Oketch, Modock Odiwuor; Midamba, Dick Chune; Ogweno, Peter Oyier; Nyangweso, Gaster N.; Mutonyi, Jonathan; Ng'ong’a, Charles Adino; Muteti, Francisca Ndinda
Global climate change and decreases in available land are significant challenges humans currently face. Alternative management approaches for sugarcane fields have great potential to help mitigate these problems in Kenya. Intercropping as a crop diversification strategy is a crucial coping mechanism for agriculture's income, production, and marketing risks. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of sugarcane-soybean intercropping among sugarcane farmers to inform policymakers about policy adjustment. The study used primary data collected from 246 households using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptivestatisticsand a logistic regression model. Results showed that 63% of the respondents had adopted sugarcane monocropping compared to only 37 % whohadadopted sugarcane-soybean intercropping. Specifically, the study found that sugarcane farming experience (p =<0.10), production acreage (p =<0.10), land ownership (p =<0.10), and divorced as marital status ((p =<0.05) had negative and significant effects on sugarcane –soybean intercropping, while farmers' age (p =<0.10) and widowed as a marital status (p =<0.01) depicted a positive and significant association with sugarcane –soybean intercropping. From the findings, lack of credit for farm operations and the high cost of farm inputs also emerged as barriersto the adoption of sugarcane intercropping systems. Based on the results, the study suggests the need for government to promote the development of agricultural policy that supports the shift from non-diversification to crop diversification through developing guaranteed access to inputs and subsidies on farming input resources with priority given to smallholder farmers
Access and Use of Information for Enhanced Adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya
(AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, 2024-06-26) Ajwang, Stephen; Owoche, Patrick; Mutonyi, Jonathan
The value of information in agricultural production cannot be overemphasized given the challenges caused by the impact of climate change. This study evaluated the importance of accessing and using information for enhanced adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices in sorghum production among smallholder farmers in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. The study used a quantitative research method with a correlation design, collecting data from 382 farmers through a questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted with a 10% sample size to assess reliability and validity achieving a CVI value of 0.877445696 and Cronbach’s alpha (α) value of 0.809. Descriptive statistics were used to determine information access and use, while correlation analysis examined associations between age and education and information access and use. The findings showed that farmers obtained information primarily from television, radio, extension workers, and neighbors and friends. The accessibility and use of this information were influenced by age and level of education. The findings are significant since they can help agricultural stakeholders identify and use appropriate channel and context-specific information to disseminate information that would enhance the adoption of CSA practices for improved sorghum yield. This may increase farmers' resilience to climate variability and improve their farming knowledge and skills, potentially leading to better livelihoods for the farming communities in the region. By advocating the provision of easily accessible and relevant information in the appropriate format and media, the findings may aid in policy formulation by providing policymakers with insights when formulating agricultural policies and legislation.
Information Needs of Smallholder Farmers in Lake Victoria Basin for Enhancing Climate-smart Agricultural Practices
(International Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 2024-01-21) Ajwang, Stephen; Owoche, Patrick; Mutonyi, Jonathan
Purpose – The purpose of this study was to bridge the awareness gap in agricultural information need and use by farmers to improve information access and utilization for enhanced adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices . Method – Using a mixed methods approach, the study examined the information needs of smallholder farmers in 5 counties in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 382 farmers and 20 county directors of agriculture, ICT, meteorology, and crop production. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data while thematic analysis was used on qualitative data. 2712 Results – The findings showed that many farmers (82.46%) were aware of the existence of climate change which had reduced sorghum yield to 0.45 t/Ha . Therefore, farmers had initiated sustainable practices including planting different crop varieties (83.51%) and varying planting dates (65.18%). High yield was prevalent among farmers practicing crop rotation (95.1%)while those who practiced mono-cropping achieved low yields. Also, the use of inorganic fertilizers led to higher yields. Farmers who planted early maturing crops had log odds that were 1.647 points higher for being in a higher yield level than farmers who planted late maturing crops. Conclusion – The study has the potential to enhance the adaptive capacity of farmers to climate change using suitable CSA practices based on readily available, accessible, and context - specific information. Recommendations – The study recommends that farmers be provided with and/or have access to reliable, actionable, relevant, and timely information that matches their needs to enhance resilience through the adoption of climate - adaptive farming techniques. Implications – These findings contribute to research by recommending context - specific information to help farmers bridge the information gap. The findings may contribute to policy by proposing CSA strategies that involve information -based support to smallholder farmers to implement sustainable farming practices

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