Journal Articles

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Effect of Free Primary Education (FPE) Policy on Pupils‟ Enrolment in Public Primary Schools in Kakamega County, Kenya
(Elixir International Journal, 2021-01-09) Wanjala, Demtila Nafula; Maiyo, Julius Kiprop; Mutsotso, Stanley Ngome
This study investigated the effectiveness of Free Primary Education (FPE) policy as one of the integrated education management strategies (IEMS) on enrolment aspect of pupils‟ participation in public primary schools of Kakamega County, Kenya. The study conformed to the 8-4-4 system of education in 3 phases: pre-FPE Phase (1995 – 2002), First-FPE Phase(2003-2010) and Second-FPE Phase (2011- 2018). A sample size of 82 schools representing 30% of Public Primary Schools was purposively sampled from 273 schools in four selected sub-counties: Lurambi (20), Shinyalu (24), Mumias East (18) and Navakholo (20). The research found that FPE policy had positive impact on enrolment of pupils in school.
Influence of Institutional Factors on the Integration of Practical Skills in Teaching and Learning Agriculture in Secondary Schools in Matayos Sub-County, Busia County, Kenya
(African Journal of Empirical Research, 2024-04-16) Shabani, Rehema Nanyama; Shiundu, John O.; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
Agriculture plays an important role in the economy of any nation as it is the background on which most of the activities emanate from. Throughout history, agriculture has had a significant impact on civilization, serving as one of its primary drivers.Thepurpose of the study was to investigate selected factors influencing the integration of practical skills in the teaching and learningof agriculture in secondary Schools in Matayos Sub-County, Busia County, Kenya. The study was guided by one main objective namely; to determine the influence of institutional-related factors on integration of practical skills in teaching and learning of agriculture in secondary schools. The study was guided by the experiential learning theory as postulated by John Dewey. Thestudy used the descriptive survey design. Data was collected using questionnaire, interview schedules and observation. The target population for the study consisted of 23 principals, 23 agriculture instructors, 1,591 form three and four agriculture students, and one quality assurance officer in secondary schools in Matayos Sub-County, Busia County, Kenya. The study sampled a total of 367 respondents which comprised of 23 principals sampled using saturated sampling, 23 agriculture teachers sampled purposively and 320 students sampled through random and 1 quality assurance and standard officer. Quantitative data was cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 26 and data presented using tables and charts. Qualitative data was coded and themes identified then presented alongside quantitative data. The study revealed that institutional related factors like availability of resources, administration support and collaboration with other stakeholders influenced integration of practical skills. The study concluded that schools faced various challenges which hampered integration of practical skills in teaching and learning of agriculture in secondary schoolin Busia Sub-County, Kenya. The study recommends that teachers be provided with regular professional development courses to enhance their teaching methodology. Additionally, adequate resources should be allocated for practical purposes in teaching and learning of agriculture
Influence of class size on techniques of teaching science in primary schools of Vihiga County, Kenya
(International Journal of Educational Research and Reviews, 2013-02-01) Kevogo, Nebert; Toili, William W.; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
Kenya re-implemented Free Primary Education (FPE) in January, 2003 leading to an increase in student enrolment in some classes more than in others. This could have had far reaching implications on the quality of education of children. Consequently, this study aimed at establishing the influence of increased student enrolment on the techniques used to teach science in upper primary schools. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The sample size was 108 questionnaire respondents and 36 interview respondents, respectively. However, the study only managed to achieve 116 (90 questionnaire and 26 interview) respondents. Sampling involved multi-stage sampling, purposive sampling, proportionate purposive sampling and simple random sampling. Data collection was done using Questionnaire for Science Teachers (QST) and Science Teachers’ Interview Schedule (STIS). The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The significance level of the differences between mean frequencies of use of the teaching techniques was done at the  value of 0.05. The study found that increase in student enrolment influenced use of lecture technique positively while the use of practical, project and assignment techniques were influenced negatively. Such enrolment did not influence demonstration, discussion, field course excursions and question and answer techniques. Consequently, increase in student enrolment impacted negatively on the acquisition of science process skills and attitudes.
Analysis of Performance Appraisal Systems on Employee Job Productivity in Public Universities
(International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2016-08-16) Maloba, Esther Munyifwa; Yatundu, Faraji Anduku; Wanyonyi, Kadian Wanyama; Mutsotso, Stanley Ngome
Universities appraisal system is meant to enhance the performance of employees by integrating an individual’s goal with those of the organization. Despite the Universities Management having an appraisal system, performance in public universities in the country remains relatively poor. The purpose of the study was to analyze performance appraisal systems on employee job productivity in public universities. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of self-assessment on the performance of employees in Public Universities. The research study was carried out in four universities namely Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Maseno, Moi and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology. Data collection instruments used was mainly questionnaire. Both content and construct reliability was carried out through engagement of experts in preparing the questionnaire. Piloting was done in Laikipia University College, though the results were not used in the study. To ensure that the instrument is reliable, a Cronbach’s Alpha of Coefficient of 0.876, was attained, which is far way above the recommended 0.7 in social sciences. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population consisted of 11,296 employees and 4 Registrars in charge of Administration. Purposive sampling was used to select the four universities and four registrars. Data analysis was done using the statistical Package for Social Science (Version 20). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. The results were presented in form of tables, charts and cross tabulations. From the findings, self-assessment was an important section in performance appraisal as it contributed to improvement in employee job productivity. The findings will contribute to the pool of knowledge in the field of Human Resource Management and will form the basis of reference by interested parties in future. The management of public universities will use the findings of this study to guide them in performance management. Furthermore, the findings will be a source of reference for academicians who intend to carry out studies in relation to the subject of performance appraisal systems.
Influence of Academic Staff Involvement in Management on Turnover Intentions in Public Diploma Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2018-04-16) Likoko, Sarah Naliaka; Ndiku, Judah; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of academic staff involvement in management on turnover intentions in PDTTCs in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to select 4 PDTTCs, 4 college principals and 8 senior masters. Simple random sampling was used to select 430 academic staff members for the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire which had closed-ended (likert type scale 1-5) questions. Items from the main questionnaire were arranged and grouped according into specific research objectives. College principals and senior masters were interviewed in order to get in-depth information on turnover intentions among the academic staff in PDTTCs. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. The study established that the academic staff members were less involved in the management which significantly contributed to turnover intentions
Challenges Encountered by Learners with Visual Impairment in Integrated Classroom in Bungoma County Kenya
(International Journal of Academic Research in Public Policy and Governace,, 2020-02-19) Mihegwa, Hellen; Mutsotso, Stanley N.,; Masibo, Edwin
Learning is a continuous process of acquiring skills, knowledge and attitudes within any environment that learning takes place and begins at early age when a child starts to explore the surroundings around him/her. However, this may not be uniform for all children because of numerous challenges that some of them encounter. This study was to determine how teachers mediated for learner classroom performance among the Visually Impaired learners in integrated secondary schools in Bungoma, Kenya. Variables in the objectives were, different categories of visual impairment, teacher characteristics, influence of instructional resources, challenges encountered and how the challenges were mediated for. The study was in line with the argument of Dewey which has been supported by Gutek, Schiro, Taylor, Flinders and Thornton in the 21st Century. Dewey was the proponent of progressive education which emphasized the need to learn by doing. He stressed that, there was a need to see education as a single process involving teaching and learning. The study was carried out in integrated secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. Descriptive survey research design was adopted by the study. The population that was targeted was derived from integrated secondary schools. The schools were stratified in categories of boys’ school and girls’ school. The respondents for the study were sampled using Simple random sampling. The collection of data was done using teachers, learners, teacher aide and caretakers questionnaire. Interviews were scheduled for teachers, visually impaired learners and learners with sight. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data presenting data in summary frequencies and percentage. Tables and charts were also used to present data. The study findings were presented as per the objectives of the study and could be used by educational policy makers and stakeholders to plan on how to provide education that was quality for learners who had difficulties with sight and enhance their active participation in class, school and community activities in Bungoma County. It was concluded that, learners with visual impairment were categorized as blind, low vision and visual disorder. Teachers found it difficult though they tried to interpret the curriculum to suit all learners. They found difficulties in following a lesson plan prepared for learners with visual impairment, and providing differentiated tasks. There were inadequate learning resources and those available did not benefit all learners and were not readily available during class instructions. Learners with visual impairment encountered more challenges in integrated classrooms which were overcrowded and the environment not modified. The school community had misconception about learners with visual impairment. The study therefore recommended that, all learners be given equal opportunity to learn, teachers to be given training in Special Needs Education, learning environment be modified and schools to source for funds to buy instructional resources. Serving Special Needs Teachers with qualifications of a degree and above be deployed in integrated secondary schools to support with the transition from primary schools to secondary schools. Parents to support their children with visual impairment while in school. The study could as well help to establish the classroom dynamics in mediating learner performance among the visually impaired learners in integrated secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya.
The Effect of Parental Involvement as an Integrated Education Management Strategy on Pupils’ Participation in Public Primary Schools in Kakamega County, Kenya
(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2020-11-16) Wanjala, Demtila Nafula; Maiyo, Julius Kiprop; Mutsotso, Stanley Ngome
Education is a form of investment in human capital, which yields economic, social and political benefits by increasing the productivity of the people. It remains the most vital strategy for the development of society. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parental involvement on the effectiveness of integrated education management strategies (IEMS) on pupils’ participation based on aspects of enrolment, retention, dropout and academic performance (ERDAP) in public primary schools of Kakamega County, Kenya. The study period was between the year 1995 and 2018. Four sub-counties in Kakamega County were purposively sampled; Lurambi, Shinyalu, Mumias East and Navakholo with a total of 273 schools. A sample size of 82 schools (30% of 273 schools) was purposively sampled. The respondents in the study were 82 Head teachers, 164 Teachers, 164 Pupils and 4 Sub-County Directors of Education. Qualitative and quantitative data on demographic indices, enrolments and KCPE performance was obtained through questionnaires, documentary guide and interview schedule. Descriptive statistics comprising proportions, ratios, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used. Inferential statistics of paired t-test at 5% level of confidence was used to determine significance of data and statistical inferences. Skewness and Kurtosis indices were used to determine the cluster and spread of the analyzed responses. The study found that parental involvement had a positive impact on pupils’ participation through provision for pupils’ requirements in school. The study findings will inform policy makers on strategies to be incorporated in the education management for public primary schools in Kenya and recommends further research on collaboration between schools and communities in the implementation of an all-inclusive education.
Teacher-Related Factors and their Influence on the Integration of Practical Skills in Teaching and Learning of Agriculture in Secondary Schools in Busia County, Kenya
(East African Journal of Education Studies, 2023-07-16) Shabani, Rehema Nanyama; Shiundu, John O.; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
The purpose of the study was to determine the teacher-related factors and their influence on the integration of practical skills in teaching and learning agriculture in secondary schools in Busia County, Kenya. The study was guided by the experiential learning theory as postulated by John Dewey. The study used the descriptive survey design. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and observation. The study sampled a total of 367 respondents, which comprised 23 principals sampled using saturated sampling, 23 agriculture teachers sampled purposively and 320 students sampled through simple random sampling and 1 quality assurance and standard officer. Data was analyzed descriptively and presented using tables and charts. The study revealed that teacher-related factors influence the integration of practical skills. The factors include various teaching methodologies, teacher competencies, and teacher qualifications. However, the teaching methodology deployed by teachers does not favour the integration of practical skills, as most teachers prefer the lecture method. The schools however faced various challenges which hampered the integration of practical skills in teaching and learning of agriculture in secondary school in Busia County, Kenya. The study therefore recommends that the agriculture curriculum in Kenya should be aligned with the national agricultural policy and strategy to ensure that students are exposed to the latest developments and trends in the field and other career-related areasafter their secondary school education; Teachers be provided with regular professional development courses to enhance their teaching methodology and enough resources be allocated for practical purposes in teaching and learning of agriculture.
Effect of ASEI-PDSI SMASSE Approach to Teaching on Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools in Kenya
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2019-09-16) Katiambo, Dorcas; Wasike, Duncan W.; Mutsotso, Stanley N
Mathematics being one of the subjects given a lot of emphasis in the Kenyan school curriculum; it is deemed a determinant subject when it comes to helping Kenya as a developing country to achieve its dream of being a better economy by the year 2030. Performance and attainment in this subject is deemed crucial for students’ admission to scientific and technological professions in higher institutions of learning. Every single learner is encouraged to work really hard in order to obtain good grades in mathematics, as a surety to entry into the most competitive professions in our society. However, performance in this subject has remained low despite deliberate efforts made by the government through the Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education (SMASSE) in-service training programmes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the SMASSE approaches to teaching on the students’ learning outcomes in secondary mathematics in Mt. Elgon Sub-county of Bungoma County in Kenya, in an effort to improve performance in the subject.A Quasi-Experimental research design was adopted. The study sample consisted of 10 teachers ofmathematics and 450 form three students drawn from 10 secondary schools and one Quality Assurance and Standards Officer. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed through both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study showed that the SMASSE approaches to teaching had a positive effect on mathematics learning outcomes. The study provides a basis for repackaging the pre-service teacher training programmes and encourages increased attendance of in-service courses to enlighten teachers on better teaching techniques for better learning outcomes in secondary mathematics in Kenya.
Effects of HIV and AIDS Strategic interventions used at the workplace at TSC Headquarter on productivity of TSC staff.
(International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 2020-04-16) Vijedi, Janet; Maiyo, Julius K.; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
HIV and AIDS is a major public health, socio-economic and development challenges globally. The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) has a Sub-Sector Policy on HIV and AIDS in the Workplace which is implemented by its Wellness Division at the Headquarter and sub-ACUs at the decentralized levels including all public educational institutions countrywide. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of HIV and AIDS Strategic Interventions used by managers at the workplace on the productivity of staff at TSC Headquarters in Nairobi County of Kenya. The main objective was to establish whether the HIV and AIDS workplace interventions at the Commission headquarter are in line and guided by the Commission’s HIV and AIDS Policy. The specific objectives included: to determine the current HIV and AIDS’ strategic interventions used at the workplace at TSC Headquarter in Nairobi County, to establish the effects of HIV and AIDS strategic interventions used at the workplace at TSC Headquarter on productivity of staff and to find out the challenges facing the managers when dealing with employees in relation to HIV and AIDS. A survey design was used to guide the study. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select the study sample. The study area was TSC Headquarters, which is located in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study population totaled 3000 comprising managers, supervisors, and policymakers drawn from the TSC’s headquarter. A sample size of 351 respondents was thus drawn from this study population. The theory adopted for this study was the Contingency theory. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16.0. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Content analysis was also carried out on qualitative data obtained from the in-depth interviews. The study found out that HIV and AIDS affect the productivity of both managers and staff in equal measure mainly through absenteeism which results in loss of working hours, work overload, loss of morale and increased cost of production. Some of the strategic interventions used to reverse the effects of HIV and AIDS on the productivity of staff. The TSC Sub Sector Workplace Policy on HIV exists and has made several achievements though the policy has not been fully implemented due to various hindrances and HIV is yet to be demystified by some of the staff since stigma still exists. The majority of the managers and staff at the TSC headquarter in Nairobi are knowledgeable about the basic facts about HIV and/ or AIDS effects, prevention, effects of the interventions on staff productivity, and hindrances to policy implementation and what can be done to improve the strategic responses in place and thereby confirming related studies in this field. Some managers at the workplace are involved in responding to the pandemic and seem to have a sense of responsibility and consciousness towards dealing with HIV at the workplace. Testing of HIV serostatus is not a prerequisite for recruitment at the Commission. Even though preventative and informative-focused interventions and campaigns seem to reach most of the staff, whether, through mass media or other avenues, it is also argued that continued educational campaigns are required, to also guide managers and supervisors in terms of discussions on HIV and/or AIDS with their staff. The study concluded that managers acknowledged the existence and the effects of HIV and AIDS on them and the staff. HIV and AIDS and its effects were being handled more openly through discussions and counseling. Additionally, most of the strategic interventions used in the workplace by managers motivate staff productivity. From the findings, in order to address the gaps in staff productivity in the commission, it was recommended that there was a need to include information on the disclosure of HIV and/or AIDS status in ways and by people that can potentially reduce the possibility of stigma and discrimination. Furthermore, effective communication should be done for creating awareness and everyone to be well sensitized on issues surrounding HIV. Everyone has a collaborative and inclusive strategy should be well employed.
Integration of Information Communication Technology Instructional Resources on Students’ Motivation and Achievement in Chemistry Practical in Secondary Schools in Kenya
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2023-04-16) Munene, Titus Sifuna; Mutsotso, Stanley N.; Masibo, Edwin N.
Purpose: The main aim of this study was to determine the types of ICT instructional resources integrated and the level of motivation and achievement in learning of chemistry practical in secondary schools. Methodology: The study was conducted through descriptive survey design. The target population for this study were the teachers of chemistry, form three students and the heads of the institutions who were key informants. The schools were selected using stratified random sampling to ensure that there was equal representation of the region. The teachers of chemistry and ICT assistants were selected using simple random sampling technique while purposive sampling was used to select the heads of institutions. The learners were selected using simple random sampling. In the mixed secondary schools, stratified sampling technique was used to ensure gender equality. A sample is a smaller group selected from the target population; 34 teachers of chemistry were used in this study, 14 ICT assistants were used and 282 form three students in Bungoma County. This study used questionnaires as the main tool for collecting data. Work sheet was availed to the students for the experimental research; the work sheet contained simple questions in chemistry practical. The data collected was analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis and the results were presented in tables and figures. Findings: The findings showed that majority of the schools that participated in the study have integrated ICT in teaching and learning of chemistry practical. The computers were available in the sampled schools and were accessible by teachers and form three students for integration in teaching of chemistry. The smart phones were also available but only teachers accessed these smart phones. The smart phones had the appropriate content that could be integrated in teaching chemistry practical. The media platform available in the smart phones could also allow teachers to project the content by use of overhead projectors and allow learners to view simulations and virtual chemical processes. Very few schools lacked the necessary infrastructure to handle ICT integration in teaching and learning of chemistry such as electrical installation and other fittings that could enable the projection of the content. There was no school in the study area that had the smart board which could allow teachers and learners to interact and manipulate the content to suit the needs for particular specific classes. Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was concluded that integration of ICT instructional resources could assist learners to perform some experiments in chemistry and provide better opportunities for teachers and students to interact with the content and with each other in the course of teaching and learning chemistry.
History of Educational radio in Kenyan Schools: An Analysis of Prospects and Challenges
(British International Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2019-05-16) Oloo, Elizabeth Akinyi; Mutsotso, Stanley Ngome
The radio is a powerful audio aid and an important media for education. It is one of the most effective means of imparting education to a large number of people. The work of scientists such as Nikola Tesla, Guglielmo Marconi, Lee De Forest and others are credited with all forms of radio broadcasting which started in the late 1800s. in the early days the radio was mainly used by the military during the first and second world wars. This paper traces the historical development and evolution of radio. It also examines global success stories of use of educational radio and focuses on Kenya’s experience highlighting the legal framework, the prospects and challenges. The history of educational radio has been dynamic due to growth and development in educational thinking and the technological environment. The U.S., Canada and Australia had a strong background in implementing educational radio broadcasts in the 1920s and 1930s, which were referred to as Schools of the Air. The Interactive Radio Instructions (IRI)adopted a conversation technique between the radio teacher and the students unlike the conventional radio broadcast. This format, however, remains limited in its interactivity and is teacher-centred. In studies conducted all over the world, in both developing and developed countries has demonstrated that when radio is used as a supplementary tool, it benefits weaker students. IRI projects were funded by USAID in developing countries including Nicaragua, Bolivia, Kenya and Lesotho. The history of instructional radio in Kenya dates back to 1963. The Ominde Commission acknowledged the significance of the school radio as a valuable teaching aid. Radio has proven educational worth in terms of pedagogical importance and geographical reach. Up to 1992 school broadcasts were on air through the Voice of Kenya (VoK) which later became Kenya Broadcasting Corporation(KBC) which airs the radio programmes to date. The Kenya government funds the radio broadcasts to schools through Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development under Media and Extension Services to schools. Many schools in Kenya do not make use of the educational radio and many teachers and learners are not aware of the existence of educational radio. The radio is here to stay despite recurrent innovations and scientific breakthroughs.
Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Turnover Intentions among the Academic Staff in Public Diploma Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2018-08-16) Likoko, Sarah; Ndiku, Judah; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics on turnover intentions among the academic staff in PDTTCs in Kenya. The study employed ex post facto research design to test the statistical relationships between demographic characteristics and turnover intentions in PDTTCs in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to select 4 PDTTCs, 4 college principals and 8 senior masters. Simple random sampling was used to select 430 academic staff members for the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interview schedule. The data was analyzed using logistic regression. The study established that demographic characteristics were significant predictors of turnover intention.
Influence of Technical Support on ICT Integration in Classroom Practices in Public Primary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2019-10-16) Simiyu, C. Pius; Mutsotso, Stanley N.; Masibo, Edwin
Quality education requires efficient systems that would provide a supportive learning environment. Globally, education is experiencing paradigm shifts in instructional practices putting a lot of emphasis on the use of Information Communication Technology (ICTs) in classroom practices. Despite the usefulness of these technologies, their integration in classroom practices is slow owing to existence of some challenges. The study reported in this paper sought to ascertain the influence of the integration of ICT pedagogical skills on classroom practices in public primary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya. The objective was to examine instructional and technical support available for ICT integration in classroom instruction. This study was based on the Roger’s theory of diffusion of innovations. The population of the study was drawn from public primary school teachers and Sub-County Quality, Assessment and Standards Officers (SCQASOs) in Bungoma County. Descriptive survey design was adopted and using simple random sampling technique, a sample of 343 was involved comprising of 40 head teachers, 300 teachers and 3 SCQASOs. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and observation schedules instruments which were validated by the help of research specialists and their reliability established using the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics involving computation of frequencies and percentages. The findings from the study established that teachers trained have only basic application skills for personal use of the internet and communication but not for classroom instruction. Further, most schools generally lack the necessary infrastructure and technical support for ICT integration classroom practices. Therefore, there is need for teamwork efforts to overcome the challenges to classroom ICT integration. The results are envisaged to contribute to the realization of the need for formulation of suitable policies to enhance acquisition of the necessary ICT infrastructure to facilitate the uptake and use of ICTs in classroom instruction.
Kibabii University use of Television in Promoting Teaching and Learning in Schools
(British International Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2019-05-16) Munene, Titus Sifuna; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
Television is an audio-visual tool which can be harnessed by educators to be used in education. Invention of television from 1843 was quite a milestone improvement on both the hardware and software to the current gadget we have in both household and educational institutions. The recent innovations in television have given rise to the interactive smart board technology which can be manipulated by the classroom teacher to create and share the content with the learners. This paper focuses on the forms of television used in teaching and learning and how it has promoted education in the Kenyan education. The theory underpinning use of television as an audio-visual tool in education is sensory stimulation theory which has its basic premise that effective learning occurs when the senses are stimulated. Television plays a very significant role in training students for citizenship, fostering the sense of understanding, environmental awareness and inculcation of socio-political and cultural values. The future of use of television in teaching and learning in Kenya depends on the ability of the teacher to create the programs that the learners can undertake to bring about the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and attitudes. In the same vein, television programs like education channel, cartoons, puppets and other graphics will be connected to internet and distributed widely for utilization in teaching and learning. Many schools have embraced the technology. The future of television in schools will depend on whether there is sufficient security to safeguard the gadgets, storage of these gadgets, sources of electric power, supply of internet facilities, roads to supply these gadgets in different schools and preparation of teachers as a resource person. Despite this there are challenges such as resistance from parents who only view television as an entertainment for watching football, news, cinemas and other programs of interests to them. Another significant challenge is lack of confidence and if any, very little in using television in their work as teachers, they therefore try to avoid them, the gadgets are constantly evolving from simple ones like great walls to complex ones like the big screens with large hunch backs, to plasma screens. Some teachers and other stake holders find the current television very expensive and they are owned by a few affluent householders. The paper concludes that, the children should be encouraged to view television as an audio-visual devise that can boost their learning experience.
Effect of General Computer Use on Secondary School Students’ Performance in Biology
(Greener Journal of Computer Sciences, 2013-04-16) Kevogo, Nebert; Toili, William; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
Although knowledge of biology is important for the survival of humans, performance in the subject, both in pre-Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (pre-KCSE) assessment and national examinations in Vihiga county has always been below average. Several interventions have been put in place to rectify the situation but in vain. However, the effect of the general computer use has not been investigated. This study investigated the effect of the general computer use on secondary school students’ performance in biology. This study used descriptive survey research design. The target population was secondary school biology students of Vihiga county. Data collection was by use of questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis schedule. Sampling was by multistage sampling, purposive sampling, stratified sampling, proportionate sampling and simple random sampling. Sample size was 1003 students. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and means and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s r, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The significance level of the difference between the data was done at the alpha value of 0.05. This study found that there is no relationship between the general computer use and performance in biology.
Gender Inequalities in Early Childhood Development Education Teaching Profession in Kenya
(Educational Research, 2011-12-16) Mukuna, Truphena E.; Mutsotso, Stanley N
Gender imbalance in the pre-school teaching profession and feminization of the profession has been a common practice world over. In Kenya, there is an emergent trend of men training as professionals in Early Childhood Development Education but they are underrepresented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the gender imbalance in preschool teaching workforce using a case study. The research sample comprised of 108 pre-school in-service teachers in teacher training institutions in Narok Municipality. Stratified followed by random sampling techniques were employed. The research methodology was qualitative .Focus Group Discussions followed by Key Informant Interviews were used to generate data. This study revealed that culture is the main determinant of feminization of pre-school teaching profession. Men were getting interested in pre-school education but to perform administrative duties not necessarily to teach. Additionally, male parents reported that they were uncomfortable in involving themselves in pre-schools.
Relationship between capacity building and employee productivity on performance of commercial banks in Kenya
(African Journal of History and Culture, 2010-10-16) Wanyama, Kadian Wanyonyi; Mutsotso, Stanley Ngome
This paper is based on a research project carried out on commercial banks in Kakamega Central District, Kenya focusing on the influence of employee productivity on organizational performance which investigated the impact of capacity building and employee productivity in commercial banks since this leads to increase in performance as empirical research has proved. Kenya has experienced banking problems since independence in 1964 culminating in major Bank failures (37 failed banks as at 1998). Some of these problems like weak supervision and equipping employees with expertise, necessary skills and knowledge can be addressed through employee productivity to improve performance of the banks. Banks in Kenya and Kakamega in particular have experienced poor service delivery, organizational ineffectiveness, poor public relations, customer dissatisfactions, and some of these banking institutions have posted a decline in profitability. Research focusing on the firm-level impact of human resource management practices such as employee productivity, satisfaction and motivation has become popular in recent years. This has revitalized interest in the subject of employee productivity and its impact on the performance of organizations. Most studies tend to indicate that employee competence has a positive effect on the organizational performance. Therefore the findings from the study added value to the expanding scope of existing research studies on the influence of employee productivity on the organizational performance. This paper also provides vital information to organizational managers in the banking sector and academicians to encourage employee motivation, satisfaction and future research.
Probing the interaction effects of metal ions in MnxFe(3 x)O4 on arsenite oxidation and adsorption
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019-12-27) Ouma, Linda; Ofomaja, Augustine
Wastewater treatment is still a global concern and materials capable of pollutant sequestration continue to be improved in a bid to ensure water reusability and curb water shortages. Some of the most promising materials so far are nanosized materials because of their unique properties and the ease of manipulation to improve their properties. In this work we investigated the effects of varying Fe3+ : Fe2+ ratios in magnetite nanoparticles and the influence of manganese doping. Diffraction measurements indicated that the manganese introduced into the magnetite matrix displaced some Fe atoms resulting in the formation of a uniform phase matching the card data for magnetite with no additional manganese phases being formed. XPS confirmed the presence of manganese on the surface of the doped nanomaterials and that both As(III) and As(V) were bound on the adsorbent surface. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the effects the nanoparticle compositions had on As(III) adsorption and oxidation. A quadratic equation was used to model the experimental data with a correlation coefficient close to unity indicating that the model was a good fit for the data. The interaction between Fe3+ and Mn had a positive influence in the reduction of As(III) in solution while Fe3+/Fe2+ interactions had antagonistic effects and the Fe2+/Mn interactions were found to be insignificant. Increasing the amounts of Fe3+ and manganese therefore resulted in the highest reduction in As(III) concentration.
Optimization studies of BTX removal by magnetite coated oleic acid obtained from microwave‑assisted synthesis using response surface methodology
(Scientific Reports, 2022-12-13) Masuku, Makhosazana; Ouma, Linda; Sanni, Saheed; Pholosi, Agnes
Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are volatile organic compounds released into the environment, that require urgent removal to avoid adverse health effects. In this work, the modelling and optimization of the preparation factors for magnetite coated oleic acid (MNP-OA) composite from microwave synthesis using response surface methodology were conducted to maximize BTX removal, and iron content. The influence of five crucial preparation variables: the Fe3+/Fe2+ solution volumes, microwave power, volume of ammonia water (VAW), reaction time and volume of oleic acid (VOA) on the iron content (% Fe), and BTX adsorption capacity were investigated. The analysis of variance results revealed that VOA and VAW were the most influential factors for high % Fe content, and improved BTX removal. The % Fe, and BTX adsorption capacity for MNP-OA composite at optimized experimental conditions were estimated to be 85.57%, 90.02 mg/g (benzene), 90.07 mg/g (toluene), and 96.31 mg/g (xylene).

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