School of Computing and Informatics (SCAI)

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Application lifecycle management activities for quality assurance in software development
(International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, 2017) Otibine, Tobias Okumu; Mbuguah, Samuel; Kilwake, Juma; Tsinale, Harriet Loice
Lifecycle Management approaches promise more systematic and efficient ways to support the development and management of complex products. The concept of Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) indicates the coordination of activities and the management of artifacts during the software product‟s lifecycle. Most of the currently available unified ALM solutions are either based on basic version control and other 'low level' point-to-point integrations, or advocate the adoption of a new and expensive all-in-one solution from a single vendor. The problem with these current solutions is that the first does not go far enough to really provide the previously described benefits of applying an ALM solution, while the second one is often associated with high costs in tools, infrastructure and personnel which in turn affect the quality of software developed for SME‟s and middle level organizations. This paper discusses the effect of application lifecycle management activities on quality assurance in software development. The research employed multiple case study design. The data collection tools included Questionnaire, Observation and Interviews. ALM activities were found to be a direct predictor of Software quality assurance in software development. The research found out that ALM elements and their relations together with good documentation were very key in coming up with an efficient ALM solution and with improved process support and better knowledge and experience on ALM, application lifecycle management activities greatly affected the quality of software's developed thus improving on quality assurance in software development.
Assessing quality of open source software based on community metrics
(International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, 2015) Ndenga, Malanga Kennedy; Méhat, Jean; Ivaylo, Ganchev; Wabwoba, Franklin
The purpose of this study is to analyze data from Open Source Software (OSS) community with an objective of identifying community metrics that can predict quality of OSS projects. We experimented with data from Apache OfBiz and Apache httpd-2 server OSS projects. We applied linear regression technique to the dataset to assess the strength of possible relationships of variables and also examined possible trends amongst variables. From the analysis, we found out that the size of user mailing list has a correlation with number of reported bugs. We concluded that the size of user mailing list community may not be an accurate representation of the entire user community that adopted the project basing on quality. However Backlog Management Index was found to be a better metric for assessing how projects manage issues reported by users.
Barriers to implementation of green ICT in Kenya
(International Journal of Science and Technology, 2012) Wabwoba, Franklin; Wanyembi, Gregory W.; Omuterema, Stanley
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing an increasingly important role in both business and private undertakings. Its use in several areas in the world economy has brought about increased demand for electronic equipment. The rapid pace of technology advancement and the drop in hardware prices has led to increased demand and acquisition resulting in increased production and use of hardware. However, the increased ICT uptake has increased costs and demand for energy where electricity is the main power source. Electricity notably is a major contributor to climatic change because the coal or oil that helps generate it does releases carbon dioxide, pollutants, and sulphur into the atmosphere. With environmental degradation, rising costs of doing business and power demand and demand for social responsibility, going green is no longer an option. There are green ICT technologies in the market to mitigate the concerns but unfortunately they are not bearing fruit that calls for an understanding of barriers to implementation of the same in developing nations like Kenya. The study used multiple case study approach. The study population included ICT managerial, technical and end user human resource and public university ICT graduate students. The multiple study was conducted in one leading sugar manufacturing industry, a communication commission regulatory body and one public university offering ICT from certificate to PhD level. Respondents were either interviewed or responded to a questionnaire. The study established that green ICT technologies are available in Kenya and are not barriers to its implementation. The paper highlights the barriers to implementing green ICT in Kenya. The paper recommends alignment of ICT personnel towards enhancing green ICT implementation in the light of the barriers.
Big Data Analytics and Electronic Resource Usage in Academic Libraries: A Case Study of a Private University in Kenya
(European Scientific Journal, 2019-05-01) Wakahia, Samuel Kairigo
The purpose of the study was to apply Big Data analytics as a tool for evaluating electronic resources usage in the academic library setup in Kenya with reference to the library of one private university. Log files of postgraduate students were mined from the server where the offsite access platform (ezproxy) has been installed. Descriptive statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation and percentages were computed. Data was transferred to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was aided in the analysis. Results revealed that in terms of usage intensity, total URL count was 2,352, the highest user made 283 downloads and the mean URL count was 49 downloads. Further findings revealed that no user utilized more than 5 databases over a period of one year. The mean usage intensity score for respondents who were trained or orientated on e-resource usage was above average at 69.0 while those who had not received training were below average at 29.8. It was concluded that big data analytics is a necessary and powerful tool for investigating electronic resources seeking and usage trends and patterns within Kenyan university libraries. Through big data analysis and data mining, usage patterns and trends such as usage intensity that might not have accurately been revealed through other tools are unearthed. Big data analytics has revealed user preferences and intensity of utilization of various databases and helped in detection of redundant databases. From the usage patterns, it was clear that the level of utilization of the University library’s e-resource platform was very low. Most of the databases accessible through the platform were redundant. Further, only two databases namely e-book central and ebscohost were the most popular among users while the rest were barely being utilized if at all. For most students, just one or two databases were sufficient in meeting their research needs. An integrated data analytics model for investigating university library’s e-resources usage is proposed.
Choosing tools of pedagogy (case of program visualization)
(International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 2012) Mutua, Stephen; Abenga, Elizabeth; Ogao, Patrick; Wabwoba, Franklin; Ikoha, Anselmo
Computer aided learning has over time been integrated in traditional pedagogical approaches in order to improve the quality of education as well as skillful content acquisition. Several programs have been developed over time to be used in the classroom with the aim of improving on the mode of instruction. Program Visualization (PV) tools are an example of such developments with the desire of improving classroom experience during teaching/learning computer programming. Despite that the tools have posted positive results in various universities, teachers seem not to have widely accepted them. This paper seeks to establish the factors that influence the choice of a PV tool for teaching computer programming. The established list of factors indicates that they range from system based issues to other features beyond the system. From the results, it emerges that most teachers are not using emerging contemporary approaches but instead are making use of the traditional approach whose impact is less felt especially for technical courses like programming. These factors form part of taxonomy of PV tools for pedagogy.
Classifying program visualization tools to facilitate informed choices: teaching and learning computer programming
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, 2012) Mutua, Stephen; Wabwoba, Franklin; Ogao, Patrick; Anselmo, Peter; Abenga, Elizabeth
Program Visualization (PV) is a technique that has been found useful in teaching computing programming. This has seen proliferation in development of PV tools with an aim of enhancing teaching/learning programming over the last two decades. However, the tools usage has remained minimal. Perhaps because it becomes challenging to ascertain the appropriate tool for the right task. This paper presents a classification of program visualization tools with the focus of aiding teachers and students in choosing the most appropriate tool for an interesting experience in the classroom. The paper is based on six various PV tools evaluated over a period of two consecutive academic years in a Kenyan public University. The classification augments the Price’s taxonomy of software visualization arm of PV by presenting four basic levels which are further subdivided into lower levels.
A conceptual model for a holistic predictive attack ability metric for secure service oriented architecture software
(International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, 2012) Mbuguah, Samuel Mungai; Mwangi, Waweru; Song', Pang Chol; Muchiri, Geoffrey Muketha
Software based systems are ubiquitous in modern day operations. There has been an increase in software based system attacks; leading to the need to equip the project managers, software designers and software developers with a better predictive attackability model at the architectural design stage. Attackability is a concept proposed recently in research literature to measure the extent that a software system or service could be the target of a successful attack. A literature survey of existing technical models was carried out to identify gaps in them. Also, a literature survey on, human traits that lead to human beings and the software system they man being subject to social engineering attacks was undertaken. Then a conceptual model has been proposed to extend the existing technical model and incorporate a social attackability model to produce a holistic predictive attackability model.
Current status of e-health in Kenya and emerging global research trends 1
(2012) Juma, Kilwake; Nahason, Matoke; Apollo, Waliaro; Gregory, Wanyembi; Patrick, Ogao
Healthcare delivery is being transformed by advances in e-Health which is now recognized as an essential enabler for support of health systems across the world, acting not only as an agent for reforming healthcare systems, but also as an enabling tool to share resources among countries with similar challenges without having to duplicate efforts. Lack of interoperable health systems and consensus on data standards is one of the major barriers to the use of health information. Mobile phone use has seen tremendous growth across the developing world offering opportunities to engage e-Health applications. This paper looks at the status of e-Health in Kenya exploring the efforts the government has put in place to create a conducive environment for e-Health and also explores the global research trends in e-Health. The study is carried out through an examination of scientific research papers in journals and conference proceedings. Additionally, telephone interviews with the Ministries of Health, and Public Health and Sanitation is carried out to gauge the level of adoption. The study seems to reveal that though e-Health in Kenya is still in its infancy, the potential for its growth is enormous. This is fuelled by the rapid penetration of mobile phone use, an educated and entrepreneurial populace, and conducive legal, regulatory, and infrastructural environments.
Current status of E-health in Kenya and emerging global research trends 1
(2012) Kilwake, J.; Nahason, M.; Apollo, W.; Gregory, W.; Patrick, O.
Healthcare delivery is being transformed by advances in e-Health which is now recognized as an essential enabler for support of health systems across the world, acting not only as an agent for reforming healthcare systems, but also as an enabling tool to share resources among countries with similar challenges without having to duplicate efforts. Lack of interoperable health systems and consensus on data standards is one of the major barriers to the use of health information. Mobile phone use has seen tremendous growth across the developing world offering opportunities to engage e-Health applications. This paper looks at the status of e-Health in Kenya exploring the efforts the government has put in place to create a conducive environment for e-Health and also explores the global research trends in e-Health. The study is carried out through an examination of scientific research papers in journals and conference proceedings. Additionally, telephone interviews with the Ministries of Health, and Public Health and Sanitation is carried out to gauge the level of adoption. The study seems to reveal that though e-Health in Kenya is still in its infancy, the potential for its growth is enormous. This is fuelled by the rapid penetration of mobile phone use, an educated and entrepreneurial populace, and conducive legal, regulatory, and infrastructural environments.
Cyber security challenges to mobile banking in SACCOs in Kenya
(International Journal of Computer, 2017) Nambiro, Alice Wechuli; Wabwoba, Franklin; Wasike, Jotham
Development of mobile technology has enabled mobile devices to be adopted in daily activities. Financial institutions are adopting mobile devices for banking purposes to enable their clients to bank from anywhere at any time. Although, the adoption of mobile technology enabled convenience to the users, it has brought about a great security challenge. This paper reviews the cyber security challenges to mobile banking and ways which SACCOs minimize the impact. Findings indicate that some mitigation strategies to cyber threats to mobile banking are in place though they seem not to address the major challenges.
Determinants of E-Resources Usage Intensity of Postgraduate Students in a Kenyan Private University
(IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2021-09-01) Wakahia, Samuel Kairigo Mboha, Sylvance Anyumba
The aim of this study was to ascertain the determinants of usage intensity of e-resource platforms accessible to postgraduate students of a Kenyan private university. The research applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to make sense of e-resource interaction and usage by postgraduate university students within a developing country context. Cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. The target population was 225 postgraduate students who were on session during September 2017 semester and who had completed at least one year of study. From this, 79 eligible respondents were randomply sampled. Perception data was matched against users„ uniform resource locator (URL) log count. Inferences were drawn using correlation and regression technique. The study established that TAM factors explained 10.9 percent of the variability in the student‟s eresource usage intensity. The results showed that perceived ease of use had no statistically significant predictive power on e-resource usage intensity. The results also indicated that perceived usefulness did not significantly predict the student‟s e-resource usage intensity. Similarly, perceived behavioural factors did not significantly predict the student‟s e-resource usage intensity. The results challenge the applicability of TAM for explaining technology acceptance and usage as far as e-resource usage is concerned. Conclusion was drawn that TAM factors are not adequate for explaining postgraduate student„s e-resource usage intensity in a Kenyan private university. University librarians should be user-centric in the design of all its systems. This calls for collecting the views of users and bringing their input on board as opposed to library logic where the library staff create a system based on what they believe is good for the users. More studies that integrate objective data mined from e-resource servers with perception data using a larger dataset should be conducted to confirm or refute the findings of this research. Meta analysis of such studies can lead to the development and validation of new models for explaining e-resource usage especially in a resource-constrained country.
Devolved Governance in Kenya; Is it a False Start in Democratic Decentralization for Development?
(2015-01) Khaunya, M.F.; Wawire, B.P.; Chepng’eno, V.
Many democracies world over, including Kenya have in recent years adopted devolution as a system of decentralization for development. In Kenya, this was after years of the post independence approach of Local Governments which still embraced a strong centralized governance structure and which had been meant to resolve the regional development challenges but apparently failed. This is evidenced by the challenges in Kenya have mainly associated with bureaucratic inefficiencies, lack of accountability and transparency, unequal distribution of national resources and minimal community participation in local development, amongst others. The Constitution of Kenya 2010 upon promulgation and enactment changed the Governance structure from a centralized unit to devolved sub-units known as the County Governments. It was expected that the onset of these devolved governments after the 2013 Elections and enactment of subsidiary laws would address these development challenges of the centralized governance that Kenya has faced since independence. Indeed currently, there is a deliberate effort by the National Government to equitably distribute resources through County Government quota disbursements, there is evidence of increased accountability arising from efforts of relevant ‘watchdog’ institutions and also community participation in development matters through appropriate institutional frameworks can be noted. However, despite these apparent positive realizations through County Governments’ establishments in Kenya, they to a larger extent seem to have been overshadowed and threatened by a number of challenges, four years after the enactment of the Constitution and a year into their decentralized functionality. Currently, most media houses in Kenya have so much of the negative reports about the County Governments that the impression given is that this form of decentralization in Kenya could be a false start if not a total failure. For example, it is currently being reported that a Governor in Embu County, Eastern Kenya has been impeached due to impropriety, the Auditor General’s report screams of massive impropriety in many Counties, a section of Governors have been summoned by the Senate to account for some specified allegations, striking citizens in some Counties over one issue or another, boycotts due to ‘irregular’ appointments by respective County Public Service Boards, the list is endless! It is in light of the aforementioned reports and the initial apparent development challenges of centralized governance that the paper seeks to measure the extent to which these challenges have been addressed after the decentralized devolved system of governance was introduced. The paper adopts a diagnostic approach based on desk research to investigate these Kenyan challenges, draws from expert opinion and does comparative analysis based on lessons from other devolved political systems in Africa and the world. The paper explores and discusses these challenges with a view of informing other world democracies that have or are on the verge of adopting this strategy of decentralization for development to be conscious of these pitfalls and design appropriate structures and a roll out framework for circumventing them. It also informs Constitutional development of devolved government structures. The paper establishes that the County Governments in Kenya have indeed made significant progress in involvement of stakeholders on development at County level, a realization of devolvement of funds, creation of employment opportunities, a more accountable political system and devolvement of certain key functions to the local level.This is commendable. However, the study establishes that the Counties have been faced with a myriad of challenges that indeed stand in the way of the realized achievements, namely lack of political goodwill, inadequate funding, ‘devolved’ corruption, nepotism, inability to absorb some devolved functions, mistrust among stakeholders, different implementers of devolution with varied cultures and approaches, devolved bureaucracy, a bloated workforce with duplication of duties and internal political supremacy wars. These County Governments are also threatened by an over bearing National Assembly and Executive, an overzealous County Assembly, deteriorating public goodwill and a weak legislature and institutional framework. It therefore concludes that the malaise of a centralized system of governance still lingers within this devolved system and until these challenges are addressed, no real benefits of devolution will be realized or even if so, sustained. The author recommends legislation to allow for a phased approach to devolution preferably on pilot basis starting with the fairly large County Governments and those with varied economic, social and demographic characteristics, more stringent anti corruption laws and an effective mechanism for community participation. The retention of the public service functions with the National Government to maintain a smooth transition in public service delivery and a stringent and coherent legislative framework to guide all aspects of the devolution process are other recommendations suggested by the author.
The digital board in a university setting: two real cases in Europe and East Africa
(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010-05-19) Bertarelli, Fabio; Corradini, Matteo; Guaraldi, Giacomo; Genovese, Elisabetta; Kilwake, Juma; Mutua, Stephen
Usually the digital board is thought of as a tool that can only be used beneficially in the context of primary school, secondary school or in a situation of learning handicap. In this case study we want to highlight how the new tools can be used in more broad settings such as teaching in scientific and technical universities. The easy adoption of all useful software on the market to the use of these tools makes them an innovative element in the teaching techniques of the future
Discoverability a new learnability principle for children’s application software
(International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology, 2016) Okelo, Bethuel Kipchirchir; Mbuguah, Samuel Mungai
For more than two decades children’s use of multimedia was restricted to watching television and listening to music. Although some parents complained about children being addicted to listening to music the idea that children could be addicted to television was a real concern to most parents. Nowadays parents not only need to be concerned about how much television their kids are watching, but also many other forms of media that are emerging with the fast development in information and technology such as the internet, video games, tablets and smart phones. From this the researcher came to realize that children are increasingly becoming the consumers of application software facilitated by these information systems. Children spend at least three hours according to research on these media which includes the use of computers, tablets, smartphones and music. The researcher was concerned that system vendors use the same learnability principles to make applications for all age groups based on learnability principles that were designed with adult users in mind. Many interface design principles used for adult products cannot be applied to products meant for children and further yet children at different ages learn differently. The research looked at the existing learnability principles by trying to evaluate them and come up with new principle(s) that can be used to further improve the current principles so that they can be used effectively by information system designers to improve on the learnability of their application software meant for children of different age groups.
E-trafiki model: electronic solution architect for police highway patrolling in Kenya
(2015) Tenge, Evans; Mneria, Esau; Gekombe, Dickson; Sanja, Michael; Ogalo, James
Among the six world regions, Africa remains least motorized but suffers the highest rates of road traffic fatalities causing deaths and fatal injuries. If these trends continue, traffic accidents will be among the top major causes of death worldwide. Highway patrolling is being used primarily for the purpose of overseeing and enforcing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways. In developing countries, traditional manual patrolling methods are still being used for traffic patrolling which is lagging behind, and it is not matched with the status of national costeffective development, reducing road accidents, reducing crime and corruption. In this paper, we're going to look this important sector and how electronic patrolling techniques and equipment have been utilized to overcome the traditional method of patrolling. We argue that developing solution architecture to expose traffic policemen to road traffic information electronically can boost their service provision and reduce road traffic accidents while at the same time be productive and cost efficient. Further, we illustrate the development of an eTrafiki framework to address these aforementioned properties to improve highway patrolling.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF CELL PHONES PENETRATION AND DISPOSAL IN KENYA
(International Journal of Computers & Technology, 2014-05-25) Wabwoba, Franklin; Sakwa, Thomas; Mbugua, Samuel; Kilwake, Humphrey
ABSTRACT Kenya has over six million active mobile subscribers who may at some point want to replace or get rid of old mobile phones. A big number of the mobile phones were recently switched off for not being genuine without a prober mechanism being put in place for the disposal. If every affected individual or otherwise disposed off phones by throwing it away then there could a serious ecological disaster in waiting. Cell phones are hazardous materials because of electromagnetic radiation and electronic composition. They have substances such as antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc which belong to a class of chemicals known as persistent toxins. These toxins pollute and remain in the environment for long periods. There are ill-effects of wireless and telecommunication devices on the environment are disastrous. The increased use of high resolution LCD screens leads to a potentially devastating environmental challenge. There is no clear policy frame work on e-waste management with a special focus on used mobile phones in the country. A proper disposal mechanism of wireless and telecommunication devices is a necessity in Kenya
Environmental implications of cell phones penetration and disposal in Kenya
(International Journal of Computers & Technology, 2014) Wabwoba, Franklin; Sakwa, Thomas; Mbugua, Samuel; Kilwake, Humphrey Juma
Kenya has over six million active mobile subscribers who may at some point want to replace or get rid of old mobile phones. A big number of the mobile phones were recently switched off for not being genuine without a prober mechanism being put in place for the disposal. If every affected individual or otherwise disposed off phones by throwing it away then there could a serious ecological disaster in waiting. Cell phones are hazardous materials because of electromagnetic radiation and electronic composition. They have substances such as antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc which belong to a class of chemicals known as persistent toxins. These toxins pollute and remain in the environment for long periods. There are ill-effects of wireless and telecommunication devices on the environment are disastrous. The increased use of high resolution LCD screens leads to a potentially devastating environmental challenge. There is no clear policy frame work on e-waste management with a special focus on used mobile phones in the country. A proper disposal mechanism of wireless and telecommunication devices is a necessity in Kenya
Evaluating the role of information and communication technology (ICT) support towards processes of management in institutions of higher learning
(International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2012) Ujunju, Michael Okumu; Wanyembi, G.; Wabwoba, Franklin
The role of Information and Communication Technology in achieving organization’s strategic development goals has been an area of constant debate, and as well perceived in different management dimensions. Most universities are therefore employing it (ICT) as a tool for competitive advantage to support the accomplishment of their objectives. Universities are also known to have branches or campuses that need strong and steady strategic plans to facilitate their steady expansion and growth. Besides, production of quality services from the various levels of management in these universities requires quality strategic plans and decisions. In addition, to realize the steady growth and competitive advantage, ICT not only has to be an additive but a critical component towards supporting management processes in the universities. This research sought to determine the role of ICT in supporting management processes in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. The research investigated how the different levels of management used ICT in their management processes and whether the use had any effect on management processes. The research further made recommendations to the universities on better use of ICTs in their management processes. A public university in Kenya was used as a case study in this research.
Evaluating total cost of ownership for university enterprise resource planning: case of Maseno university
(2015) Owoche, Patrick Oduor; Gregory, Wanyembi; Juma, Kilwake Humphrey
Higher learning institutions (HEI) are investing in IT to attain operational excellence. Organizations looking to reduce technology costs typically look for ways to reduce the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). TCO captures all direct and indirect costs related to deploying a particular system. Understanding life-cycle costs provides opportunity to save scarce resources, improve IT and increase productivity. The study sought to analyze the TCO of university ERP system. The TCO analysis was based on Gartner’s TCO model, the Distributed Computing Chart of Account as the theoretical framework. Modified Gartner TCO model was used to determine the total cost of owning Maseno University ERP system. The aim of the study was to create awareness on life-cycle costs of ERP solutions. The results obtained indicate that operations and maintenance account for 51%, end-user usage 23% while technology acquisition costs accounted for 16 %, implementation costs with 7% and the least cost was taken by procurements costs with 3%. Case study was used in gathering both qualitative and quantitative data from Maseno University. Interviews, document analysis, and questionnaires were used to gather the research data. It is hoped that the results of this study will help HEIs improve management of their ERP systems.
Evaluation of guidelines for security threats in mobile-phone banking
(International Journal of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, 2018) Ngomeh, Augustine Wafula Prince; Omieno, Kelvin Kabeti; Mbuguah, Samuel Mungai
Globally, banking institutions are using mobile phones to provide financial services to reach those with or without bank accounts. However mobile phones do suffer from security threats when used for banking purposes these threats become more critical. The purpose of the research was to investigate the use of user guideline as a tool to mitigate against security threats in mobile phone banking. The objectives of the research were to determine the security threats in the mobile banking, to identify the existing guidelines in mitigating threats in mobile phone banking and to design improved user guideline to minimize the security threats in mobile phone banking. This research adopted a descriptive survey design; Qualitative approach was used in objective two which was concerned with subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions and behavior. Generally, the technique of focus group interviews and depth interviews was used in identifying the use of existing guidelines in mitigating mobile phone security threats. In objective three Simulation approach was used, which involved the construction of an artificial environment within which relevant information and data can be generated. This permitted an observation of the dynamic behavior of a system (or its sub-system) under controlled conditions. Data collection tools included use of interviews and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was used in data analysis that included frequency percentage mean and mode. This research was expected to provide improved user guidelines that will help in the reduction of the security threats posed in mobile phone banking. The research was expected to further suggest the challenges of the existing guidelines in use to those of adoption of the designed use guidelines.

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