School of Computing and Informatics (SCAI)
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Item Current status of e-health in Kenya and emerging global research trends 1(2012) Juma, Kilwake; Nahason, Matoke; Apollo, Waliaro; Gregory, Wanyembi; Patrick, OgaoHealthcare delivery is being transformed by advances in e-Health which is now recognized as an essential enabler for support of health systems across the world, acting not only as an agent for reforming healthcare systems, but also as an enabling tool to share resources among countries with similar challenges without having to duplicate efforts. Lack of interoperable health systems and consensus on data standards is one of the major barriers to the use of health information. Mobile phone use has seen tremendous growth across the developing world offering opportunities to engage e-Health applications. This paper looks at the status of e-Health in Kenya exploring the efforts the government has put in place to create a conducive environment for e-Health and also explores the global research trends in e-Health. The study is carried out through an examination of scientific research papers in journals and conference proceedings. Additionally, telephone interviews with the Ministries of Health, and Public Health and Sanitation is carried out to gauge the level of adoption. The study seems to reveal that though e-Health in Kenya is still in its infancy, the potential for its growth is enormous. This is fuelled by the rapid penetration of mobile phone use, an educated and entrepreneurial populace, and conducive legal, regulatory, and infrastructural environments.Item Cyber Security Challenges to Mobile Banking in SACCOs in Kenya(International Journal of Computer, 2020-09-05) Nambiro, Alice; Wabwoba, Franklin; Wasike, JothamDevelopment of mobile technology has enabled mobile devices to be adopted in daily activities. Financial institutions are adopting mobile devices for banking purposes to enable their clients to bank from anywhere at any time. Although, the adoption of mobile technology enabled convenience to the users, it has brought about a great security challenge. This paper reviews the cyber security challenges to mobile banking and ways which SACCOs minimize the impact. Findings indicate that some mitigation strategies to cyber threats to mobile banking are in place though they seem not to address the major challenges.Item The digital board in a university setting: two real cases in Europe and East Africa(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010-05-19) Bertarelli, Fabio; Corradini, Matteo; Guaraldi, Giacomo; Genovese, Elisabetta; Kilwake, Juma; Mutua, StephenUsually the digital board is thought of as a tool that can only be used beneficially in the context of primary school, secondary school or in a situation of learning handicap. In this case study we want to highlight how the new tools can be used in more broad settings such as teaching in scientific and technical universities. The easy adoption of all useful software on the market to the use of these tools makes them an innovative element in the teaching techniques of the futureItem E-trafiki model: electronic solution architect for police highway patrolling in Kenya(2015) Tenge, Evans; Mneria, Esau; Gekombe, Dickson; Sanja, Michael; Ogalo, JamesAmong the six world regions, Africa remains least motorized but suffers the highest rates of road traffic fatalities causing deaths and fatal injuries. If these trends continue, traffic accidents will be among the top major causes of death worldwide. Highway patrolling is being used primarily for the purpose of overseeing and enforcing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways. In developing countries, traditional manual patrolling methods are still being used for traffic patrolling which is lagging behind, and it is not matched with the status of national costeffective development, reducing road accidents, reducing crime and corruption. In this paper, we're going to look this important sector and how electronic patrolling techniques and equipment have been utilized to overcome the traditional method of patrolling. We argue that developing solution architecture to expose traffic policemen to road traffic information electronically can boost their service provision and reduce road traffic accidents while at the same time be productive and cost efficient. Further, we illustrate the development of an eTrafiki framework to address these aforementioned properties to improve highway patrolling.Item ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF CELL PHONES PENETRATION AND DISPOSAL IN KENYA(International Journal of Computers & Technology, 2014-05-25) Wabwoba, Franklin; Sakwa, Thomas; Mbugua, Samuel; Kilwake, HumphreyABSTRACT Kenya has over six million active mobile subscribers who may at some point want to replace or get rid of old mobile phones. A big number of the mobile phones were recently switched off for not being genuine without a prober mechanism being put in place for the disposal. If every affected individual or otherwise disposed off phones by throwing it away then there could a serious ecological disaster in waiting. Cell phones are hazardous materials because of electromagnetic radiation and electronic composition. They have substances such as antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc which belong to a class of chemicals known as persistent toxins. These toxins pollute and remain in the environment for long periods. There are ill-effects of wireless and telecommunication devices on the environment are disastrous. The increased use of high resolution LCD screens leads to a potentially devastating environmental challenge. There is no clear policy frame work on e-waste management with a special focus on used mobile phones in the country. A proper disposal mechanism of wireless and telecommunication devices is a necessity in KenyaItem Evaluating total cost of ownership for university enterprise resource planning: case of Maseno university(2015) Owoche, Patrick Oduor; Gregory, Wanyembi; Juma, Kilwake HumphreyHigher learning institutions (HEI) are investing in IT to attain operational excellence. Organizations looking to reduce technology costs typically look for ways to reduce the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). TCO captures all direct and indirect costs related to deploying a particular system. Understanding life-cycle costs provides opportunity to save scarce resources, improve IT and increase productivity. The study sought to analyze the TCO of university ERP system. The TCO analysis was based on Gartner’s TCO model, the Distributed Computing Chart of Account as the theoretical framework. Modified Gartner TCO model was used to determine the total cost of owning Maseno University ERP system. The aim of the study was to create awareness on life-cycle costs of ERP solutions. The results obtained indicate that operations and maintenance account for 51%, end-user usage 23% while technology acquisition costs accounted for 16 %, implementation costs with 7% and the least cost was taken by procurements costs with 3%. Case study was used in gathering both qualitative and quantitative data from Maseno University. Interviews, document analysis, and questionnaires were used to gather the research data. It is hoped that the results of this study will help HEIs improve management of their ERP systems.Item Green ICT Policy Maturity for Actualization of Sustainable Computing in Developing Nations(International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2019-10-19) Wabwoba, FranklinGreen ICT Policy encompasses the frameworks an organization has developed and put in place to apply environmental sustainability criteria throughout its value chain. The lack of appropriate green policy alignment to application of ICT uptake challenges the reaping of the benefits often stated of ICT. Multiple case study design with case from different sectors of the economy selected based on information richness, accessibility, size as well as diversity in application of ICT was employed. Triangulation of data collection and findings interpretation was utilised. The study established that green ICT policy maturity was very low. In effect, calling for purposed policy set up on green ICT application by developing nations to ensure ICT benefits are realised while limiting environmental degradation.Item Green ICT Readiness Model for Developing Economies: Case of Kenya(International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2013-12-15) Wabwoba, Franklin; Omuterema, Stanley; Wanyembi, Gregory; Omieno, KelvinThere has been growing concerns about the rising costs of doing business and environmental degradation world over. Green ICT has been proposed to provide solutions to the two issues yet it is not being implemented fully in developing economies like Kenya. For its implementation, it is critical to establish the level of green ICT readiness of organisations to inform where to start and where to put more emphasis. Over the past few years this has been done using Molla’s G-readiness model. However this model assumes the basic level of G-readiness to be same for both developed and developing economies to be the same with regard to ICT personnel preparedness. Based on green ICT readiness in Kenya, the relationship between ICT personnel’s gender, age and training with the G-readiness variables as proposed in Molla’s G-readiness model was investigated. The study surveyed ICT personnel in four cases using a questionnaire on a seven scale likert scale. It established that there exists a significant relationship between the ICT personnel related variables and the G-readiness variables. Based on the findings on the relationship, the study extended Molla’s G-readiness model to include a sixth dimension of personnel readiness.Item Ict and education: enabling two rural western Kenyan schools to exploit information technology(2012) Boit, John; Menjo, David; Kimutai, JamesThe study was undertaken to evaluate the implementation of ICT to support learning, teaching, school administration and use of E-communication between cooperating rural secondary schools in Western Kenya under the Rotary project, Forssa Rotary Club of Finland District 1410. The study was conducted in two selected rural schools namely: Anin secondary school (Keiyo County) and Cheplaskei secondary school (UasinGishu County) under a Finnish project “Enabling rural Western Kenyan schools to exploit information technology” funded by the Suomen Rotaryn between May 2007-December 2009. A case study research design was adopted for this study where interviews, observation and open-ended questionnaires including document analysis were used to collect qualitative data. The respondents interviewed in each school were mainly head teachers, ICT instructors, ICT technicians, teachers (4), students (7), and Board of Governors (BOG) and Parents Teachers Association (PTA) members (2).The findings indicate that largely the initial objectives of the project had been realized. Teachers, students and the school administrators were now using computers to access educational resource material from the Internet, prepare and process examination results, manage, monitor and process financial reports, and communicate using email. There was also evidence that quality of teaching, learning and students’ level of interaction, reasoning, recall, synthesis and evaluation had improved tremendously. School discipline and student sense of self-esteem and pride had significantly been enhanced.Item Influence of social technical factors on ict readiness for primary schools in Bungoma county, Kenya(2015) Batoya, Isaac Barasa; Wabwoba, Franklin; Kilwake, JumaSince the 1980s integration of ICT in education has been compulsory in the developed nations where the access rate is one computer to 15 students. In developing nations such as Kenya it is more recent and experimental with the access rate of one computer to 150 students. Many government efforts and private initiatives tried to address ICT integration in the school level by carving out policies and strategies, providing computers and Internet access. Despite the huge investment in ICT infrastructure, equipment and professional development for teachers by the government and schools, developed countries have reported up to 41% of integration of ICT to teaching and learning, the proportion remains substantially low in Africa, Kenya included. This raises questions as to how well the integration was being done and how ready the environment was, if less than 40% of the available ICT infrastructure were being used. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of social technical factors on ICT Readiness for Primary Schools. The study established that for one to integrate ICT in schools, ICT usefulness, leadership support, professional development and technical support should be put in place. The study recommended that education stakeholders in the county should train all the teachers on how to integrate technology in teaching, guarantee technical support to ICT infrastructure, ensure leadership support and develop an elaborate professional development programme for educators.Item A model for evaluating total cost of ownership of university enterprise resource planning: case of Maseno university(2013-09)Enterprise Resource Planning, (ERP) makes it possible to improve institutional efficiency and effectiveness. There is, however, a great deal of difficulty reported in the normative literature when it comes to the evaluation of investments in ERP, with organizations often finding themselves unable to assess the full implications of their ERP implementation. Organizations looking to reduce technology costs typically look for ways to reduce the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). When properly analyzed, TCO captures all direct and indirect costs related to acquiring, configuring, deploying, managing and retiring a particular asset or system. Each one of these categories is a valuable opportunity to save scarce resources, improve IT and increase productivity. This research is based on cost analysis of an ERP system solution in universities. It explores on how to develop a model for evaluating the total cost of ERP ownership in a university and to provide basis upon which to monitor costs over time. The study sought to identify the major cost drivers that can influence the TCO of ERP in universities, to analyze the TCO of university ERP and to develop a model for evaluating TCO of university ERP. The study identified the major cost factors that can influence TCO in university ERP system as; the number of implementation locations, scope of business impact, technology familiarity among users, life cycle of technology, and the system support. The proposed TCO model was built based on Gartner’s TCO model, the Distributed Computing Chart of Account as the theoretical framework. The proposed TCO model has five cost elements which are; procurement costs, hardware and software acquisition costs, implementation costs, operations and maintenance costs and end-user usage costs. The model has seventeen nodes and sixty five background factors. The developed TCO model was used to determine the total cost of owning Maseno University ERP system. The results obtained indicate that operations and maintenance account for 51% of the TCO of ERP system followed by end-user usage with 23%. Hardware and Software Acquisition costs accounted for 16 %, Implementation costs with 7% and the least cost was taken by Procurements costs with 3%. Case study was used in gathering both qualitative and quantitative data from Maseno University. Maseno University currently comprises four campuses; Main Campus, College Campus, Kisumu City Campus and Homa Bay Campus. Interviews, document analysis, questionnaires as well as observation techniques were used to gather the research data. It is hoped that the results of this study will help higher educational institutions improve management of their ERP systems.Item Pervasiveness of green ICT awareness amongst Kenyan ICT personnel(International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management, 2013-01-06) Wabwoba, Franklin; Wanyembi, Gregory; Omuterema, Stanley; Mutua, StephenThere has been growing concerns about the rising costs of doing business and environmental degradation world over. Green ICT has been proposed to provide solutions to the two issues yet it is not being implemented fully in developing nations like Kenya despite the availability of the technologies of doing it. The study investigated pervasiveness of green ICT awareness amongst the ICT personnel, how they perceive it to be relevant to their organisations and the drivers towards implementation of the same. The study surveyed ICT personnel in four cases using a questionnaire on a seven scale likert scale. The study established that awareness level of green ICT in Kenya is low when compared with developed nations. It also established the green ICT drivers and how ICT personnel perceived it to be relevant to their organisations. The study recommends the raising of green ICT awareness levels through aligning the ICT personnel’s capacitiesItem The Role of ICT in Social Inclusion: A Review of Literature(International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2015-12-04) Motochi, Vincent; Barasa, Samuel; Owoche, Patrick; Wabwoba, FranklinThe questions we seek to answer in this paper are; Have ICT contributed to enhance social inclusion? Has use of ICT brought new forms of exclusion? And what is the way forward in using ICT for an inclusive society? Desk Top research was used. From the findings, one form of exclusion often leads to another, resulting to a cycle. a spanner and Nut Model was developed to show how Knowing which exclusion to reduce in order to break the cycle is critical in determining the type of ICT and how to apply it in order create an inclusive society.Item The Role of ICT in Social Inclusion: A Review of Literature(International Journal of Science and Research, 2015-12-13) Muchiri, Njoki; Wabwoba, FranklinThe questions we seek to answer in this paper are; Have ICT contributed to enhance social inclusion? Has use of ICT brought new forms of exclusion? And what is the way forward in using ICT for an inclusive society? Desk Top research was used. From the findings, one form of exclusion often leads to another, resulting to a cycle. a spanner and Nut Model was developed to show how Knowing which exclusion to reduce in order to break the cycle is critical in determining the type of ICT and how to apply it in order create an inclusive society.Item STAKEHOLDERS’ DILEMMA AND ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP ON THE DIFFERENT COMPUTING DISCIPLINES(International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education, 2018-09-10) Wabwoba, Franklin; Nambiro, AliceThere is significant overlap between the uniqueness of the disciplines that has complicated trainers, learners and business community’s choice between the different disciplines. As computing has rapidly evolved its different disciplines has equally expanded in the academic community. The distinction between disciplines by the trainers is purposed to provide unique skills to serve unique needs of employers and society needs. For the business community to receive the best from the products of the programs therefore, it needs to understand what each of the different types of programs provides to meet their needs. This paper presents the results of a survey to determine if stakeholders were able to differentiate between computing disciplines and the level of academic leadership available. The findings of this paper make it clearer the distinct uniqueness of the different computing disciplines. The study found out the computing disciplines are each unique to themselves although there exists an overlap over the content covered. The study established that the stakeholders are not very clear of the difference between the computing disciplines. It also established that some universities have while others do not have academic leadership in the computing disciplines. When the practitioners are very clear on the differences between the different computing disciplines they are most likely to choose the correct employee, training as well as provide the correct training of the relevant discipline. The implication of the findings being that most likely organizations may not be receiving to best returns from the computing human resource employed as a result of hiring those not best suited for their tasks. Based on the findings of this research, further research can be undertaken on the various curriculum offered by universities to ascertain whether the unique computing disciplines are apparent in themItem Use of low cost wireless communication technology for education in rural Kenya(ACM, 2010-06-15) Mayeku, Betty; Kilwake, Juma; Bertarelli, FabioWith the advent of mobile revolution, the emerging mobile technologies can support a broad range of learning activities on a variety of mobile devices, a concept referred to as mobile learning. The combination of wireless communication technology and mobile computing is resulting in rapid transformations of the educational world. This paper explores the use of low cost wireless technology in combination with other existing technologies to bring education to rural and pastoralist tribes in Kenya who would otherwise not have access to education.Item VIRTUAL REALITY IN EDUCATION: TRENDS AND ISSUES(International Journal of Computers & Technology, 2013-02-09) Omieno, Kelvin; Wabwoba, Franklin; Matoke, NahasonComputer-mediated learning is becoming an increasingly common form of education in institutions of higher learning (IHL). Many IHL in developing nations, such as Kenya, have greatly experienced an increase in demand for higher education. On the other hand, the ability to connect people with required sets of skills, regardless of their location in the world has been enabled by advances in information technology over the past 20 years. Use of virtual learning systems (VLS) has rapidly emerged as a very promising technology that will probably match the innovation of technologies such as multimedia/hypermedia. These VLS have the potential to provide opportunities for active, flexible, and increasingly individualized learning experiences. It also explains virtual reality principle, describes the interactive educational environment, highlights the challenges higher education face in the traditional mode of delivery and discusses educational benefits of implementing virtual learning environments in IHL. The paper makes a number of recommendations for successful adoption of VLS in higher education