Researcher's Publications

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A Comparative Analysis: Use of Visual Aids for Instruction in Kenya
(International Journal of Applied Science and Research, 2019-09-17) Wamalwa, Peter W.; Mutsotso, Stanley N.
Effective and Efficient construction of knowledge, skills and attitude in an attractive, interactive, engaging appealing and fashionable learning for Equity, Quality and Relevance of education is a concern by many scholars. This is due to rapid emerging developments in education and the modern world. Among these developments are the increased demands for relevant and quality education. These developments are putting undue pressure on education and as a result has brought into focus the most demanded for and yet elusive aspects of education – use of visual aids in Kenya, policy and practice. It is in the context of this focus that this paper interrogates the present topic. Visual learning resources enhances cognitive and retention abilities among learners for effective and efficient learning. This paper discuss historical background of Visual aids in Kenya; legal framework on visual learning materials; comparative analysis of forms of visual aids for learning, role of visual resources, criteria for selection of visual resources, management of visual resources in Kenya, challenges in using visual resources and, conclusion.
A computer mediated simulation module for teaching cell division in secondary school biology
(International Journal of Educational Research and Development, 2013-05-04) Wekesa, Duncan Wekesa; Wekesa E. W.; Amadalo M. M.
This paper describes the design and development of a valid, reliable and flexible instrument, a Computer-Mediated Simulation (CMS) module for teaching cell division topic in secondary school biology. The design was based on the generic instructional approach of Plan, Do, See and Improve (PDSI). Each step has an outcome that feeds the subsequent step or results in modification of the prior step. The design and development of a CMS module is aimed at bringing out the dynamics of the process of cell division to facilitate students understanding of the topic better. The process of cell division specifically involved the aspects of meiosis and mitosis. The module was also developed to fill, in some way, the special need for media and technology in biology teaching at secondary school level in Kenya and perhaps elsewhere. Evaluation of the CMS results of the actual implementation in test schools provide improvement highlights of the strengths of the module geared towards shifting the point set presently to a more desirable outcome
A Contextual Analysis of Community Radio Programming and Peace Promotion in Political Campaigns in Kenya: A Case of Migori County
(New Media and Mass Communication, 2018-03-09) Mac' Ouma, Enock; Kinya, Henry; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai; Oluoch, John
With their ability to reach and influence a large number of people, community radios wield immense power in shaping the course of political discourse and contestations. Although many examples of the media’s negative contribution to escalation of violence and conflicts exist, fair and accurate journalism that builds confidence and counteracts misperceptions has the potential to transform and prevent political violence. Migori County is listed by the National Commission on Integration and Cohesion(NCIC) as one of the political violence hotspots in Kenya. The aim of this study was to investigate both programme genre and broadcast content of three community radios in the region. The objectives of the study were: To establish whether Milambo Radio 103.8 FM, Radio Tarumbeta 90.4 FM and Radio Rameny88.3 FM have programmes designed for promoting peaceful political campaigns in Migori County; to determine the extent to which such programmes are used in promoting peaceful political campaigns and to explore strategies through which the programmes may be made more effective in promoting peaceful political campaigns. The study used face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. Agenda Setting Theory supported by the Media Effects Theory were used.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Radio Call-in Discourses in the Lubukusu Radio Stations
(KIBU, 2023-06-16) Wekesa, Ben Nyongesa; Wakoko, Macarios W.
A Fuzzy Ontological Model for Semantic Interoperability in Distributed Healthcare Information Systems
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 2025-01-17) Okemwa, Joshua; Owoche, Patrick Oduor; Mbuguah, Samuel Mungai
The exchange of patient or care data across heterogeneous health systems is crucial in the modern healthcare ecosystem yet remains daunting. Integration and interoperability in siloed health applications require robust health information exchange (HIE) and a pragmatic ontological model to be successful. This paper details a prototype development endeavor and systematic review of literature that has pioneered the development of a robust, practical, and tested fuzzy ontological model to enhance semantic interoperability in siloed, distributed health systems. Leveraging the tenets, standards, LOINC codes, and developed model from this study will enable robust and flexible data mapping and sharing health data in an environment marred with ambiguities and uncertainties but requiring the sophistry of interoperability
A Historical Development of Language in Education and Language Testing In Kenya
(International Journal of Current Research, 2020-09-30) Wekesa, Ben Nyongesa
In an attempt to trace the development of English language teaching and testing in Kenya, this paper looks at language in education in Kenya. Language in education aims at defining three major issues. Firstly, it defines the role of English language in teaching and testing in the pre-independent era. Secondly, it assesses the place of English in teaching and evaluation during post-independent Kenya, during the 8-4-4 system and finally in the newly rolled out Competency Based Curriculum (CBC). Unlike other literature which focus on language policy, this paper traces the history of English language in the Kenyan education with a special focus on language testing; a component of teaching and learning process. The paper concludes that although, efforts have been made in improving the teaching and testing of English language in Kenya since the colonial era, there seem to be some form of rigidity in testing in that very little changes can be cited compared to the art of teaching. Teaching of English language has progressively changed in its approach, however, language testing has not been adaptive to these changes, for example, testing at secondary school level is more of the structuralism approach yet the teaching approach is communicative. Speech work is not overtly examined both at primary and at secondary school levels. All examinations are wholly written. This disregard for speech work leads to poor communicative competence yet it is the main objective of the English syllabus.
A Model for Analyzing Usage Factors in Designing User Acceptance of Biometric Voter Registration Technology
(International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2021-12-04) Nyakundi, Richard Kayanga; Mbuguah, Samuel Mungai; Makiya, Ratemo
Models leading to acceptance of the technology remain largely unrealized in economically transitioning countries due to low adoption of appropriate and acceptable electronic technology models. This is because electoral bodies focus on the technical supply-side factors with little emphasis on acceptable biometric technology systems. While a number of adoption models have been applied to the developed countries, they require domestication in order to address the specific client-based needs of developing nations. This study therefore was meant to provide A Model for User Acceptance of BVR Technology. This model sought to explain the low acceptance level of biometric technology acceptance that led to development of a model which best support free, fair and credible election process. A Model for Adoption and Acceptance of Successful BVR Technology is developed and validated. The findings affirm that the model can be adopted and applied in both developing and developed countries to fast track the voting process.
A Program for Understanding Mathematical Probabiliy Concepts in Secondary Schools.
(International Journal of Development Research, 2018-03-03) Wekesa, Duncan Wasike
The pace of technological development in educational setting is on the increase in Kenya. The literature is replete with studies indicating that Computer Based Instructional programs enhance students learning outcomes. With the introduction of e-learning in Kenyan schools now at the pilot stage, there is need to develop computer-based programs in the area of mathematics where little or no studies have been done.
A Promising Early Maturing Sugarcane Variety from the East African Sugar Development Project (EASDP)
(Open Access Library Journal, 2022-06-10) Mutonyi, Jonathan; Khaemba, Michael Jones
Variety FR 95-2345 imported from Visacane, Cirad germplasm collection in Montpellier, France through the East African Sugar Development Project was evaluated along with five locally bred sugarcane varieties KEN 98-530, KEN 98-533, KEN 00-3811, KEN 82-472 and KEN 83-737 from 2017-2019 at Mu- mias in Western Kenya. The varieties were selected for earliness in maturity. Variety KEN 83-737 was included as a local standard and the plant crop was harvested at the age of 17 months. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the varieties in all sampled parameters. The highest yielding va- riety was KEN 83-737 at 135.6 t/ha followed by KEN 98-530 at 111.5 t/ha and FR 95-2345 at 95.6 t/ha. The lowest yield was recorded on variety KEN 82-472 at 37.9 t/ha. No common diseases and pests were observed on the crop throughout the experiments. From the result, one locally bred variety KEN 98-530 and FR 95-2345 imported from Cirad were promising, having achieved 82.7% and 70.5% yield compared with the local standard. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in cane quality from the Brix readings, however, variety FR 95-2345 recorded the highest top:bottom ratio of 0.77, a desirable indicator for earliness in maturity. Testing of the two varieties for ratooning ability is recommended. Promotion and expansion of the area un- der fast-maturing varieties will address the raw material shortage that has negatively affected the sugar industry in Kenya.
A Review Paper on Application of Model-Driven Architecture in Use-Case Driven Pervasive Software Development
(International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology, 2022-04-05) Korongo, Julia N.; Mbugua, Samuel T.; Mbuguah, Samuel Mbugua
This article explores the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) approach concerning software modelling during systems development. The evolution of MDA is changing software development into a simpler process with less turnaround time, faster deliverability and greater innovation. MDA facilitates building pervasive software systems from high-level models to descriptions of processes known as Use Cases or Scenarios. The first section addresses the role and the importance of software systems architecture in building robust software systems. The second section describes the concept of MDA, in particular, modelling and how to apply Use Case Scenarios using Unified Modeling Language (UML) during software development. Finally, the paper explains the advantages and disadvantages of the MDA and further observes the challenges of MDA in representing the progression and transformation of information in pervasive software development.
A Study of Terrorism Discourse in TaifaLeo Newspaper of Kenya
(Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013-03-10) Owala, Silas Odhiambo; Indede, Florence; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai
Terrorism is a global concern and usually elicits a lot of sensationalism every time it occurs. The media often finds itself in the middle of debates over this issue. Apart from the role of informing the public, the media has a responsibility of avoiding the creation of animosity amongst the readers. The choice of language used by the media can create a negative attitude towards one another among the readers and the public in general. This research investigated discourse on national and international terrorism in Taifa Leo, a daily published in Kiswahili language in Kenya. The main objective was to analyze the language used in reporting terrorism news in the newspaper. The intention was to find out how the language used in those specific news items created bias in presentation of terrorism news. The parts of the newspaper that had reports on terrorism were isolated and analyzed over a period of one year. The study revealed that there was bias in the way this newspaper reported terrorism news. The biases that were noted were mostly caused by discourse structures that were provided by either the reporters or the sources they quoted.
A Survey of Awareness of Social Engineering Attacks to Information Security Management Systems: The Case of Kibabii University Kenya
(International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research, 2022-03-26) Mbuguah, Samwel Mungai; Otibine, Tobias Okumu
Computer based systems are socio-technical systems in nature. The security of the system depends both on technical aspect and also social aspect. The social aspect refers to people in contact with system commonly referred to as wetware. To attack the system you may consider to target the technical or wetware. Social engineering is based on exploiting human traits that make human susceptible to these attacks. The aim of this paper was establish how aware the staff of Kibabii University were of these attributes and how these attributes could be used by social engineers to penetrate the Information Security Management systems at the institution. A survey research was adopted with a questionnaire being developed using Google application, and was administered online to all staff members of Kibabii University. A descriptive analysis was carried out on feedback. The finding was that to a large extent the sampled staff are aware of these traits but there is need for awareness training to enhance the information security management system of Kibabii University
Access and Use of Information for Enhanced Adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya
(AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, 2024-06-26) Ajwang, Stephen; Owoche, Patrick; Mutonyi, Jonathan
The value of information in agricultural production cannot be overemphasized given the challenges caused by the impact of climate change. This study evaluated the importance of accessing and using information for enhanced adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices in sorghum production among smallholder farmers in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. The study used a quantitative research method with a correlation design, collecting data from 382 farmers through a questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted with a 10% sample size to assess reliability and validity achieving a CVI value of 0.877445696 and Cronbach’s alpha (α) value of 0.809. Descriptive statistics were used to determine information access and use, while correlation analysis examined associations between age and education and information access and use. The findings showed that farmers obtained information primarily from television, radio, extension workers, and neighbors and friends. The accessibility and use of this information were influenced by age and level of education. The findings are significant since they can help agricultural stakeholders identify and use appropriate channel and context-specific information to disseminate information that would enhance the adoption of CSA practices for improved sorghum yield. This may increase farmers' resilience to climate variability and improve their farming knowledge and skills, potentially leading to better livelihoods for the farming communities in the region. By advocating the provision of easily accessible and relevant information in the appropriate format and media, the findings may aid in policy formulation by providing policymakers with insights when formulating agricultural policies and legislation.
Ameriketako Ametsa
(Mendebalde Kultura Alkartea,, 2001-11-15) Walibora, Ken; Ormazabal, Manu
This story published in 2001 won the 2003 Jomo Kenyatta Prize organized by the Kenya Publihers Association. Issa, a Kenyan village boy, tells us the story of his life. “Itxoin eta egingo duk amets Amerikarekin. Orduan prest egongo haiz harantz abiatzeko” (‘Wait and you’ll dream of America. Then you’ll be ready to go.’), his friend told him. And Issa will have that dream. In Nairobi the two of them, together with a third “friend, will make plans for America. There will be lessons to learn from their adventures.
An Analysis of Lukabaras Borrowed Verbs from English
(Journal of Linguistics, Literary and Communication Studies, 2024-09-22) Mudogo, Maxmillah; Mandillah, Lucy; Wekesa, Ben Nyongesa
English as an official language, has come in contact with indigenous languages in Kenya. English has therefore become one of the major donors of loanwords to these indigenous languages, Lukabaras being one of the beneficiaries. This study investigated the morpho-phonological constraints that English loan verbs encounter when adapting into Lukabaras. The research utilized Lukabaras native speakers as respondents to elicit data. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a sample of 15 English loan verbs, which were then analyzed descriptively based on the tenets of Optimality Theory which states that constraints are universal and are fixed in their ranking and apply to all languages. The loan verbs were transcribed, and the study first analyzed the morphological constraints, followed by the phonological constraints. The findings reveal that English and Lukabaras have different morphological and phonological structures, leading to modifications of English loan verbs to fit the morphological and phonological patterns of Lukabaras. Additionally, the study identifies specific morpho-phonological constraints affecting the adaptation of English loan verbs into Lukabaras, including NOCODA, COMPLEX C, MAX IO, ONSET, DEP IO, IDENT IO, DEP-PREF, DEP-SUFFIX, and ALIGN left edge. Furthermore, faithful constraints are ranked higher than markedness constraints in Lukabaras. The study’s findings contribute to the understanding of morpho-phonological adaptation processes in language contact scenarios. Overall, the study’s findings align with the theoretical framework provided by OT, illustrating how languages manage the integration of foreign elements through a balance of faithfulness and markedness constraints. These findings not only enhance the understanding of loanword adaptation in Lukabaras but also contribute to the broader field of language contact and borrowing, providing a detailed case study of how specific constraints operate in a real-world linguistic context.
An Analysis of Non-Formal Curricular Activities in Mumias Sub-County, Kenya
(International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2013-09-17) Oloo, Abisaki; Mutsotso, Stanley N.; Poipoi, Moses
The presence of non-formal curricular activities in schools and the availability of resources that promote the same are indicators of possible implementation of NFCAS. Hence the focus of this study was to analyze the NFCAS offered in secondary schools in Mumias Sub-County, Kakamega County. In order to achieve the set objectives the researcher sought to establish the NFCAS that are available in secondary schools and the NFCAS that were popular, the adequacy of the facilities that promote NFCAS and the frequency of participation of students in NFCAS. Descriptive survey design was employed. Random sampling was undertaken to identify the school types while purposive sampling was used to select the respondents that were information rich. 16 schools, 22 heads of schools, 154 teachers, 1154 students and 1 District Quality Assurance and Standards Officer were derived from the total population. The NFCAs available included a variety of games and sports, clubs and societies and performing arts; Football, Netball and Volleyball were most popular games whereas basketball was the least popular The study concluded that student’s access to and participation in non- formal curriculum activities is limited due to lack of adequate facilities and unavailability of time. Recommendations of the study were that the scope of the activities be broadened to involve whole school populations and that schools strengthen their support of the activities. In conclusion the Ministry should ensure that guidelines on registration of schools based on availability of space be adhered to.
An Exposition of Some Adapted Lexemes in Dholuo
(Linguistics and Literature Studies, 2013-03-10) Okal, Benard Odoyo; Indede, Florence; Mohochi, Ernest Sangai
The paper gives an exposition of some adapted English lexemes into Dholuo. The work relied on a descriptive design. Total purposive sampling technique was incorporated in collecting secondary data to saturation level. All the adapted nominal lexemes from the English Dholuo Dictionary (EDD) were collected, qualitatively analyzed, edited and presented thematically by showing the adapted lexemes in various areas. The results indicate that adapted lexemes in this lexicographical work are manifested in the following areas: religion, people, subjects, places, measurements, clothing, vegetables, foodstuff, equipment, vehicles and months. We have gathered that as we adapt some lexemes from English into Dholuo, then phonemes such as /ʃ (sh), z/ automatically change to /s/, /v/ changes to /f/ and /q/ changes to /k/. We have concluded that English consonant phonemes such as / ʃ (sh), z, v, q/ are not manifested in Dholuo. Therefore, translators have to adapt them by using both the transference and naturalization translation procedures in order to achieve the desirable translated text.
An Investigation of Language Maintenance Strategies Among the Maragoli Youth of Uriri Subcounty, Kenya
(Academic Research International, 2018-12-09) Nabeta, K.N. S., Nyandiba N. C. & Mohochi, E. S. (2018).
Uriri Sub County has a complex language ecology composed of Dholuo, Kuria, EkeGusii, Somali, Luhya dialects, among other languages. Some of these languages have been in contact for many years. It has been imperative that every community maintains their own language. Language maintenance is an integral part of any language survival, as espoused by UNESCO and ACALAN. UNESCO has extensively researched on language death, attrition and shift and reported that many indigenous languages across the globe are dying due to shift and disuse by the speakers, a situation that has been rendered dire. UNESCO has been of the opinion that every effort must be put in place, theoretically and in practice, to save dying languages and to maintain those that are surviving. Lullogoli, a dialect of Luhya, has been in contact with Dholuo for over 78 years and still shows signs of survival despite the fact that it has fewer speakers in Uriri Sub County compared to Dholuo. In an attempt to fulfil the UNESCO and ACALAN mandate, this paper investigated language maintenance strategies employed by the minority Maragoli youth living in Uriri Sub County, Kenya. Our data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and observations. Our findings shows that the Maragoli youth in Uriri Sub County have been using strategies like speaking Lullogoli at home, listening to Lullogoli radio broadcasts, learning from parents and guardians at home among other strategies to keep alive their language
Analysis of Performance Appraisal Systems on Employee Job Productivity in Public Universities
(International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2016-08-16) Maloba, Esther Munyifwa; Yatundu, Faraji Anduku; Wanyonyi, Kadian Wanyama; Mutsotso, Stanley Ngome
Universities appraisal system is meant to enhance the performance of employees by integrating an individual’s goal with those of the organization. Despite the Universities Management having an appraisal system, performance in public universities in the country remains relatively poor. The purpose of the study was to analyze performance appraisal systems on employee job productivity in public universities. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of self-assessment on the performance of employees in Public Universities. The research study was carried out in four universities namely Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Maseno, Moi and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology. Data collection instruments used was mainly questionnaire. Both content and construct reliability was carried out through engagement of experts in preparing the questionnaire. Piloting was done in Laikipia University College, though the results were not used in the study. To ensure that the instrument is reliable, a Cronbach’s Alpha of Coefficient of 0.876, was attained, which is far way above the recommended 0.7 in social sciences. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population consisted of 11,296 employees and 4 Registrars in charge of Administration. Purposive sampling was used to select the four universities and four registrars. Data analysis was done using the statistical Package for Social Science (Version 20). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. The results were presented in form of tables, charts and cross tabulations. From the findings, self-assessment was an important section in performance appraisal as it contributed to improvement in employee job productivity. The findings will contribute to the pool of knowledge in the field of Human Resource Management and will form the basis of reference by interested parties in future. The management of public universities will use the findings of this study to guide them in performance management. Furthermore, the findings will be a source of reference for academicians who intend to carry out studies in relation to the subject of performance appraisal systems.
Analysis of Policy and Legal Requirements of Religious Organizations on Implementation of Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Kenya
(International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies, 2018-06-17) Amugune, Aggrey; Mutsotso, Stanley O.; Shiundu, John O.
Historically, religious organizations in Kenya have had influence both directly and indirectly on education. Their influence has been guided by certain legal and policy documents. Their participation has been viewed by stakeholders as either positive or negative. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of policy and legal requirements for operation of religious organizations in implementation of secondary school curriculum in former Western Province of Kenya. The study is based on LudwigVon Bertalanffy theory of General Systems from which the systems approach in the learning process is derived. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population for this study was all secondary schools in the area of study, County Directors of Education, Sub-County Education Officers, principals and teachers in secondary schools, religious leaders and students. Of the twenty-two sub-counties, the study used purposive sampling to carry out an investigation in ten sub-counties. This gave a total of 650 students, 102 teachers, and 60 principals of secondary schools, 5 Islamic leaders, 10 church leaders, 2 County Directors of Education, 4 Education Officers and 1 curriculum developer. This gave a sample size of 834 respondents. The instrumentsfor data collection were questionnaires for principals, teachers, students and interview schedule for religious leaders as well as education officers. Focus Group Discussion and Observation Schedule were also used. To establish validity and reliability, the instruments for data collection were assessed by two experts from the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology. The questionnaires were also piloted and the anomalies were corrected before the study was carried. Presentation of data was based on the objective of the study and was put in form of tables, bar-graphs and descriptions. The findings were as follows: key religious organizations have influence on curriculum implementation and should continue providing spiritual nourishment, chaplaincy and financial support among other things. Majority of the schools in the study area were founded by key religious organizations. The study found out that parents, local communities and the Government of Kenya play a crucial role in curriculum implementation. From the above findings it was concluded Religious Organizations play an important role in curriculum implementation in Kenyan schools as provided for in the law. As regards recommendations, there should be should be clear policy and legal guidelines on the role of religious organizations on curriculum implementation in public secondary schools. Religious Organizations should not interfere in the management of secondary schools in Kenya.

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