School of Business and Economics (SOBE)

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Causes and trends of public transport motorcycle accidents in Bungoma county, Kenya
(2016) Singoro, Brian Wanyama; Wakhungu, Jacob; Obiri, John; Were
There has been a drastic increase in the use of motorcycles as a means of transport worldwide due to various reasons. In Kenya, the increased use of motorcycles has been seen over the last decade. This increase has brought forth many challenges, including motorcycle accidents on disproportionate scale comparative to the world statistics. Indeed motorcycle accidents constitute a major cause of death and injuries to thousands of people every year. In spite of this, motorcycle accidents remain a neglected problem in Kenya. This study sought to determine the causes and trends of motorcycle accidents in Bungoma County. The study population comprised 400 people from households of motorcycle riders involved in accidents and those not involved. Key informants in the motorcycle transport industry were interviewed. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design to establish the causes, incidences/trends, and vulnerability of motorcycle accidents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of data. The study was anchored on both the crunch model and the wish to die and domino theory. The study found that human error is the leading cause of motorcycle accidents. This is imparted on by poor regulatory and enforcement regimes. Structured and comprehensive training of riders on traffic code and regulations will most likely reduce accidents and associated economic losses. Collective action measures such as motorcycle Saccos for voluntary enforcement and pooling of resources, to aid riders in case of injuries and death, should be explored and pursued. The study provides information and insights on disaster risk reduction for policy formulation on motorcycle accident mitigation. From the results, the proposed strategies that can be employed to curb motorcycle accidents in the order of magnitude are: training of motorcycle riders; observing speed limits; improved roads; not driving while under the influence of drugs/ alcohol; not carrying more than one passenger; improved enforcement by police; proper motorcycle maintenance; wearing protective clothes/ helmets/ boots; wearing reflective jacket; and not driving while tired.
Doctoral Liminality and Responsible Conduct Practices in Doctoral Research
(Science Publishing Group, 2022-12-01) Abuya, Joshua Olang'o; Obino, Paul Ongány; Owoche, Patrick Oduor
The complexities of doctoral experiences in many postgraduate schools have become insurmountable. Many doctoral students are facing numerous challenges in crossing the concept thresholds along the path towards achieving doctorate degree. With the experience of doctoral studies compared to rite of passage, many doctoral students face periods of confusion and disorientation hence the liminal period in pursuit of doctoral degree. Many doctoral students may find themselves engrained in ethical doctoral research challenges, issues, and dilemmas on a regular basis This paper looks at how doctoral liminality influences responsible conduct practices in doctoral research at Kibabii University, Kenya. The research engaged 13 doctoral candidates and 7 faculty members to evaluate the influence of doctoral liminality on responsible conduct practices in doctoral research. Data collection tools were validated at a content validity index of 0.83 while reliability index was 0.896. Descriptive (mean, frequency percentage and standard deviation) and inferential (in particular, regression) analyses were used. Findings indicate that doctoral liminality has statistically significant influence on responsible conduct practices in doctoral research. This should help higher education stakeholders to reassess the existing ethical research policies and execution frameworks. University managements are advised to pursue exemptional awareness and scrutiny on implementation of ethical practice in doctoral studies.
Doctoral Virtual Supervisory Meeting: Engagement Optimization Strategies
(Science Publishing Group, 2022-12-01) Abuya, Joshua Olang'o; Obino, Paul Ongány; Owoche, Patrick Oduor
The emergence of COVID-19 has seen widespread adoption and use of virtual interaction in business, academic, and other areas where hitherto their use was not imaginable just a few years ago. The adoption of virtual interactions has also seen growth in a number of service providers as well as enhancement of the quality of interactions. However, this advancement in virtual technologies does not guarantee their optimal use. This qualitative study’s main purpose was to explore discursive practices that impact virtual meeting experiences as they take place during the course of the doctoral supervisory process in Kenyan universities. The study used media richness theory and channel expansion theory to analyze the affordances of computer-mediated communication presented to the user to conduct virtual meetings. Drawing upon survey and interview transcripts, it was found that the choice of virtual meeting channel was based on the availability of technology and past experience enhanced the perception of the effectiveness of virtual meetings. This study proposes strategies for enhancing the virtual supervisory process based on the media richness theory, channel expansion theory, and research data. The strategy addresses the aspects of management of risks, virtual meeting etiquettes, supervisory relationship, and confidentiality as well as after the meeting follow-up. The proposed strategies will enhance academic interaction and can be used in similar interactions in other fields.
Does outsourcing have any effect on the performance of sugar manufacturing firms in Kenya?
(Society of Scientific Research and Education (SSRE), 2014-03-01) Kiongera, Fredrick N.; Wanyama, Kadian W.; Musiega, Douglas; Masinde, Stephen Wekesa
The focus of this paper was to investigate the effect of logistic outsourcing on the performance of sugar manufacturing firms in western Kenya. Specifically, the study intended to investigate the effect of quality drive outsourcing strategy on the performance of sugar manufacturing firms, to determine the effect of core business drive on the performance of sugar manufacturing firms and to determine the effect of competitive drive on the performance of sugar manufacturing firms. With a sample size of 36 respondents (n=36), the study used both primary and secondary data collection instruments. Primary instruments included the use of questionnaires and interview schedules. On the other hand secondary instruments involved acquiring information from the already existing records from the sugar manufacturing firms and any other accessible information that is already documented. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis using SPSS version 20 software. Karl Pearson’s zero order coefficient of correlation (Pearson Product Moment Correlation or simple correlation) was used to determine the direction and strength of the relationship between logistic outsourcing and performance of sugar manufacturing firms. Simple regression analysis was used to model the relationship between logistic outsourcing and performance of sugar manufacturing firms. The relationship between logistic outsourcing and the performance of sugar manufacturing firms follow a regression model of the nature P= α + β1 LOS + e. The findings were presented using tables and crossbar tabulations. The outcome was positive correlation between logistic outsourcing and performance of sugar manufacturing firms. The findings are of importance to the Government of Kenya, shareholders, employees and customers of sugar manufacturing firms and they form a basis for future reference.
Effect of bookkeeping management practices on business performance of micro and small butchery enterprises in Kimilili sub-county, Bungoma, Kenya
(2014-09-01) Wanjala, Sam Nalwa; Bwisa, Henry M.; Wandera, Robert Wamalwa; Wanyama, Kadian Wanyonyi; Wanjala, Alice Susan
Development of MSE's has contributed significantly to the employment opportunities in Kenya. Studies show that MSE's contribute over 50% of the employment opportunities and 40% of GDP in Kenya. Despite this effort by the government, Kenyan societies still experience high unemployment levels, poverty and slow economic growth. Studies have shown that 60% of the MSE's fail within the first few months of operation (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2007). An understanding of the causes of MSE's failure in Kenya is a vital step in ensuring proper management of MSE'S. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of book keeping management practice on business performance of micro and small butchery enterprises in Kimilili sub-county, Kenya. The study objectives were; to establish the extent of book keeping management practices of MSBE's in Kimilili sub-county.
Effect of business financing on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Lurambi sub-county, Kenya
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2016) Manini, Muganda Munir; Abdillahi, Umulkher Ali; Wanyama, Kadian W.; Simiyu, John
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sources of business financing on the financial performance of Small and Medium enterprises in Lurambi Sub-County. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of commercial loan-financing on the financial performance of Small and medium enterprises; to assess the effect of retained earnings financing on the financial performance of Small and medium enterprises and to establish the effect of trade credit financing on the financial performance of Small and medium enterprises in Lurambi Sub-County. Descriptive survey was used. The population of interest comprised of 450 small and medium enterprises in Lurambi Sub-County. Stratified random sampling was used to select 88 small and medium enterprises. The survey instrument used was questionnaires which were administered to owners and managers. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that sources of business financing affected financial performance of small and medium enterprises significantly; commercial loan financing affected financial performance significantly; retained earnings financing affected financial performance significantly; trade credit financing affected financial performance of small and medium enterprises significantly. The study recommends that small and medium enterprises should make use of commercial loan financing, retained earnings financing and trade credit financing for them to realize higher levels of financial performance. The Government of Kenya should encourage lenders to share the financing risks with the government in order to reduce the cost of financing.
Effect of corporate social responsibility on performance of commercial banks in Busia county, Kenya
(2017-09) Kimtai Kibera, Fredrick Kimtai; Otiso, Kennedy Ntabo; Wanyama, Kadian W.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of corporate social responsibility on the performance of commercial banks in Busia County, Kenya. The specific objective was to determine the effect of economic aspects of CSR on the performance of commercial banks, Busia County. The study was anchored on the Edward Freeman’s Stakeholder Theory. The study employed a descriptive survey and correlational research designs. The target population was 40 employees comprising of Managers, Operational Managers, Financial Managers, marketing managers and Human Resource Managers. Census sampling technique was use to select the entire target population of 40 respondents. The questionnaires and the interview schedules were used to collect primary data. Validity was determined by use of content validity while reliability by use Cronbach alpha. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected by use SPSS version 20. The results revealed that economic CSR aspects had significant positive effect of the performance of commercial banks in Busia (Economic=0.875**, P<0.01) and it accounted for 76.5% variance in performance. The study recommended that bank management should priorities CSR activities in their institutions and ensure enough resources and personnel are set aside to support the CSR activities.
EFFECT OF PROCUREMENT PLANNING ON SUPPLIERS PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: A CASE OF MOI UNIVERSITY
(European Journal of Logistics, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, 2018-04-01) Kiplel, Maureen Chepkesis; Keitany, Pauline
Supplier performance has become a critical factor for the organization’s success. In this regard, many firms and researchers have attempted to find out variables that affect either positively or negatively on supplier performance. However, very few studies have been carried out on procurement procedures in developing countries like Kenya. Public procurement system in Kenya has been characterized by a weak legal framework and lack of professionalism among public procurement practitioners. The study adopted an explanatory research design. The target population was 119 suppliers in the list of pre-qualified suppliers. The study adopted census for the suppliers to collect data; self administered questionnaires together with interviews schedule guides were used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicated planning enhances value for money, enhance quality, encourages proper utilization of resources, planning enables quick decision making and encourages innovations as it is a problem solving technique and saves time. Therefore procurement planning enhances supplier’s performance in service delivery.
Effect of Recognition on Employee Job Output in Faith Based Health Facilities in Kakamega County, Kenya
(Journal of International Business, Innovation and Strategic Management, 2021-01-01) Lusambili, Praxedes; Wanyama, Kadian; Abuya, Joshua
Reward system is an important device not only to monitor performance of employees but it can also be used as a motivation tool to retain employees as well as attract new talents. Despite the existence of the faith-based health facilities, they have experienced high staff turnover due to lack of equitable and sustainable reward systems in place. This study focused on the effects of recognition on employee job output in faith-based Health Facilities in Kakamega County. The study was anchored on the two theories; Self- determination theory and Cognitive evaluation theory. The study used a cross sectional research design approach and the unit of study was faith-based health facilities in County Government of Kakamega. The target population was 166 employees of faith-based health facilities in Kakamega County. The study used self-administered questionnaires to collect data. This study adopted content and construct forms of validity. Cronbach alpha, which is a measure of internal consistency, was used to test the internal reliability of the measurement instrument. The study findings were: there was a statistically significant effect of recognition on employee job output of the faith-based Health Facilities in Kakamega County; where employees were recognized for the work done; this would lead to intrinsic motivation, ultimately improving the performance of the employees at workplace. The study concluded that high levels of recognition in the organization could translate to improve employee job output of the faith-based Health Facilities in Kakamega County. Where employees were recognized for the work done, this would lead to intrinsic motivation, ultimately improving the performance of the employees at workplace. The study would assist the practitioners on faith-based institutions matters which include provision of an insight on the perceptions of employees towards intrinsic rewards.
Effects of brand quality, brand prestige on brand purchase intention of mobile phone brands: empirical assessment from Kenya
(Inovatus services ltd, 2015) Chepchirchir, Josphine; Leting, Mark
This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between Brand quality, brand prestige and brand purchase intention of mobile phone brands in Kenya. A survey was used to collect data from a sample of 322 respondents. Data were analyzed by employing correlation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that brand quality and brand prestige are positively associated with consumer brand purchase intention. The generalizability of the findings is limited as the study focuses only on Kenya. Based on the findings, companies involved in branding of mobile phones should focus on improving the usefulness of the brand quality and prestige. The study made a contribution in terms of allowing us to understand the factors that can contribute to the adoption of mobile phone brands
The Effects of Customer Service on the Development of E-Commerce at Kenya Commercial Bank Eldoret Branch
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2012-01) Kiplel, Maureen Chepkesis; Otiso, Kennedy Ntabo
Unprecedented growth of e-commerce is now pushing traditional business to transform into e-commerce to speed up business transaction, retain the loyalty of customers and reduce customers’ time and effort in shopping. However to harness the real impact and benefits of e-commerce the manager of any organization must institute practical measures and implement good customer service. The concept of customer service on electronic commerce is a relatively new challenging area to researchers and managers. Hence this research sought to examine customer service and its effects on the development of electronic commerce at Kenya Commercial Bank Eldoret Branch. Descriptive research design was employed. The target population was 15,030 customers who were account holders of Kenya Commercial Bank Eldoret Branch. A sample of 374 was selected using systematic sampling. The research instrument used was a 5 point likert scale questionnaire. Data was analyzed statististically. From the study findings, customer service (r = 0.169) had a positive relationship with development of electronic commerce. Pearson correlation value (r) were significant at 0.01 level of significance. Customer service had an effect on the development of electronic commerce with (β1= 0.047, P value = 0.006<0.05) being positive related to the development of e-commerce. Thus the study concludes that customer service is important in ensuring an enabling environment for the development of electronic commerce. The study sought to collect information from the customer which was carried over a long period of time as it involved approaching the customers at the bank at different period of time and this resulted to repetition as some customers would be able to fill the questionnaire twice. Hence this was the limitation. The study recommended that there is need to carry out specific investigation into the various aspects building customer service standards.
Effects of total quality management implementation on electronic-government in county government of Kakamega
(2014-05-01) Atsiaya, Branice Ing'ahizu; Wanyama, Kadian W.; Musiega, Douglas
Several authors have since defined Electronic-Government in various ways but the keywords include the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to facilitate access to and provision of government services to people. The ultimate aim is to improve performance (efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability) of government. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Total Quality Management practices in the implementation of Electronic-Government in County Government of Kakamega. The study had the following objective: To examine the levels of TQM practices and implementation of e-Government in County Government of Kakamega. This study was anchored on the conceptual framework that shows interactions of the variables. The study was guide d by the descriptive survey design.
Electronic Payment Practices and Service Delivery: A Case Study of Ng’arisha Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Bungoma Town, Kenya
(World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2022-05-01) Nalyanya, Jacinta; Abuya, Joshua; Makokha, Arnety
Electronic accounting practice is generally expected to improve the level of efficiency in funds transfer, payments, reporting, receipting and thus service delivery in any organization. However, SASSRA reports of 2018 show that despite Sacco’s having institutionalized electronic operations in their accounting process, efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery remains elusive in most of their aspects of reporting, payments and funds transfer. The main objective was to determine the effect of electronic accounting practices on the service delivery in Ng’arisha Sacco, Bungoma town, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were guided by the following: To determine the effect of e-funds transfer practices on service in Ng’arisha Sacco, Bungoma Kenya, To establish e-payment practices on service in Ng’arisha Sacco, Bungoma Kenya, To assess e-reporting practices on service delivery in Ng’arisha Sacco, Bungoma Kenya and to establish the moderating effect of Government regulations on the relationship between-accounting practices and service delivery in Ng’arisha Sacco, Bungoma town, Kenya. This research was guided by Schumpeter’s theory of innovation as well as Technology acceptance model. This study embraced descriptive survey research design. This study targeted 127 respondents drawn from mainstream county government and Ng’arisha Sacco. The study sampled the entire targeted population of 127 respondents, hence a census study. Data was gathered using closed-ended questionnaires. The questionnaire was pilot tested on ten percent of the sample population in Metropolitan Sacco in Bungoma town and yielded Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.765. Before data analysis, the gathered data was filtered, structured, and corded. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 software was utilized for data analysis. Statistical tables were used to present the findings accompanied by relevant discussions. The first research hypothesis posted H01 was rejected on the ground that E-funds transfer had a significant moderate strong positive linear relationship with service delivery in SACCOs. The hypothesis, H02 was rejected since E-payments had significant and relatively weak and positive linear correlation with service delivery in SACCOs. The third research hypothesis, H03 was also rejected since there was significant relationship between E-reporting and service delivery. The moderating variable of the study was government policies, which posted a significant relationship between e-payment practices and service delivery in Ng’arisha Sacco and therefore, H04 was rejected. It was concluded that high levels of efunds transfer practices, e-payment practices and e-reporting practices affected SD to varying degrees. Government regulations moderated the relationship between e-payment practices and service delivery positively. Recommendations of the study were: Ng’arisha Sacco should embrace and improve its operation in relation to e-funds transfer in order to control queuing and mobilize savings, increase speed in loan processing and thus Service delivery. In addition, automation of e-accounting practices should be done by the SACCOs in order to ensure formulation and implementation of laws and policies regarding lending and deposits. SACCOs should automate their reporting mechanisms to enhance effectiveness in report generation, invoicing using electronic systems, issue receipts using electronic systems, share and disseminate our reports using electronic systems as well as audit services conducted using an electronic system and improved SD in Sacco. The outcomes of this study would be of importance to Ng’arisha Sacco in availing information on the status of electronic accounting practices and by extension other financial institutions such as Commercial Banks in the country and providing ways of improving electronic accounting services in all accounting institutions.
Extent to which project planning affects successful completion of capital projects in Kakamega county, Kenya
(Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers, 2014) Marango, Morris; Wanyama, Kadian W.; Musiega, Douglas; Nganda, James Wambua
This study looked at the extent to which project planning affects successful completion of capital projects in Kakamega County. A conceptual framework guided the study to show the interactions of the study variables. The study was guided by Ex-post Facto research design. The study targeted six Sub-County administrators, five project managers (engineers), six social services staff and four works officers who were directly involved in devolved funding. The research instruments were the questionnaires and interview schedules. The validity of the research instruments was done through presenting the instruments to the supervisors and the research experts in the School of Human Resource Development. The researcher used a Cronbach’s Alpha method to obtain an alpha of 0.807 which was acceptable implying that the instruments were reliable. The researcher then analysed the data using descriptive and inferential statistical tools like Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. The study findings were: the overall results between project planning and completion of capital projects, illustrate a strong positive association. Results indicate that 65.7 % of the implementation of capital projects can be attributed to project planning. This also meant that 34.3% of the capital projects in Kakamega County were not completed (stalled projects). The study recommended adequate project planning, monitoring and control should be enhanced in organisations during project management. Moreover, Project Management Offices should be established across all the government institutions with aim of managing, monitoring and controlling the projects embarked by their institution. This will enhance efficient and effective completion of capital projects.
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES AND OUTCOMES IN KENYA’S NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS: DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DIPLOMATS AND ANGELS OF MERCY PARADOX
(International Journal of Business and Management Review, 2014-10-01) Kiplel, Maureen Chepkesis; Biwott, Geoffrey
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a major role in improving the living standards of families’ households, groups and individuals in any country especially in Kenya and yet its downplayed therefore, this paper posits that through financing There has been a significant increase in activities from Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs) with regards to funding of various projects as a practice (Adera, 2012). This paper seeks to posit financial sustainability practices and outcomes in Kenya’s Non-governmental organizations in a quest to deepening and creating an in-depth knowledge on some of these practices and their outcomes initiated or funded by non-governmental organizations to creating financial sustainability. The objectives of the article are three fold: to identify financial sustainability practices such as surplus, cash available to pay bills, credit facilities and community participation, to evaluate on the role of funding policies for financial sustainability of non-governmental organizations and finally to explore any inherent paradox on non-governmental financial sustainability principles and outcomes. The hypotheses were developed and tested using data collected using survey of the four regions selected in Kenya. Stratified random sampling technique was used to pick 110 managers in the region. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires to the respondents. Pearson correlation and multiple regression models were used in the analysis to assess the financial sustainability. Financing policies was positively correlated to financial sustainability beta coefficient 0.296, ρ<0.05 does affect financial sustainability. level of access to donor funds was positively correlated to financial sustainability (Pearson correlation=0.468, p value=0.000) financing policies was 0.249 with p value 0.000<0.05 significance level, thus the study provide precursory evidence to reject null hypotheses that donor financing policies had no significance effect on financial sustainability of the project and infer that donor financing policies positively affect financial sustainability, thus enhancing financial policies will improve the financial sustainability of a project. The study is intended to strike a realistic approach of donor implementers and various governments on development assistance and allocative performance in creating financial sustainability and improving non-governmental organization performance which normally trickles down on citizen’s sustainability.
How group potency affects employee job satisfaction in sugar manufacturing firms in Kenya
(2019-04-05) Wanyama, Kadian W.; Sifuma, Sharon Wefuma; Koyi, Nabiswa Patrick; Indiatsi, Isaac Mabale; Ojiambo, Josephine N.
Sugar Manufacturing firms in Kenya are recently experiencing a decrease in productivity and the future of the sugar firms seems dingy. The purpose of this study was to assess how group potency affects employee job satisfaction in sugar manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive and correlational survey designs. The simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used. The research instruments were tested through the test re-tests method and reliability analysis which gave a Cronbach alpha value of 0.833. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The following were the study findings: regression analysis conducted on the effect of group potency and employee job satisfaction revealed a positive and significant correlation between these two variables, (r = 0.213, b = 0.1804, t = 2.067, p<0.05)). It Original Research Article Wanyama et al.; JEMT, 23(3): 1-12, 2019; Article no.JEMT.24247 2 was recommended that the Human Resource Department should develop and maintain teamwork through capacity building to realise optimal employee productivity. It is hoped that the results would add knowledge and contribute to theory development critical for academia and policy makers in the sugar sector in particular Kenya.
Impact of microfinance institutions on economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs in developing countries
(Inovatus Services Ltd., 2015-09) Fwamba, Rashid; Matete, John; Nasimiyu, Consolatta; Sungwacha, Stephen
This study mirrored out the effects of Microfinance on economic empowerment of Women Entrepreneurs in developing economies. Descriptive research design was used to assess the extent to which Women economic empowerment co-relates with Microfinance Institutions services. The target population was women entrepreneurs in Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) within Kakamega C.B.D. Simple random probability sampling was applied to select ten (10) MFIs where four (4) active women entrepreneurs from each MFI was taken, adding to forty (40) respondents. Both primary and secondary data was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Data collected was presented by descriptive statistics like pie charts and graphs. From the analysis, the results showed that microfinance services act as a key fulcrum to women entrepreneurs' economic empowerment. The results were reaffirmed by a linear regression analysis (SPSS version 22). The findings will be used to make policy proposals that will see MFIs meet the economic empowerment needs of women Entrepreneurs to make developing countries progress as Kenya prepares to achieve vision 2030.
The impact of microfinancing on women entrepreneurship in Kakamega central district, Kenya
(2012) Kirwa, Tecla C.; Ngoze, Moses; Embeywa, H. E
Women play a crucial role in the economic development of their families and communities but certain obstacles such as poverty, unemployment, low household income and societal discriminations mostly in developing countries have hindered their effective performance of that role. As such, most of them embark on entrepreneurial activities to support their families. It is discovered that women entrepreneurship could be an effective strategy for poverty reduction in a country; since women are the worst hit in such situation. However, it is discovered that women entrepreneurs, especially in developing countries, do not have easy access to microfinance factors for their entrepreneurial activity and as such have low business performance than their men counterparts, whereas the rate of their participation in the informal sector of the economy is higher than males, and microfinance factors could have positive effect on enterprise performance. The purpose of the study was to establish the impact of micro financing on women entrepreneurship in Kakamega Central District. Specifically, the study sought to establish the impact of micro-credit on the performance of women entrepreneurs; the study employed a descriptive survey design. The target population will include 937 women entrepreneurs and 10 managers of the 10 MFIs in Kakamega Central District. The sample population was made up of 286 women entrepreneurs and 10 managers. Purposive sampling was used to pick managers who work in the 10 MFIs. Simple random sampling was used to select women entrepreneurs involved in the activities of the 10 MFIs in the district. Data was collected by use of questionnaires and interviews. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as means, frequencies percentages. Findings were presented using tables, frequency percentages, and figures. The findings of the study revealed that microcredit had great impact in empowering women economically, enhancing their communication skills, building their confidence, promoting their recognition in family, increase in decision making powers, increased income and enhanced reduction in poverty. The study recommended that the government should consider incentives (such as giving tax rebates) to microfinance’s and banks serving women entrepreneurs’ needs. Women’s Business Associations in collaboration with other business support providers should more actively advocate and lobby for a review of: Group lending practices, High interest rates, Short loan repayment periods and size of loans.
Impact of motivation as HR bundle on performance of teachers of public schools in Bungoma county
(Academic Journals, 2014-02-14) Wanyama, Kadian W.; Nassiuma, Dankit; Zakayo, C.
The challenge for managers today is to keep the staff motivated and performing well in the workplace. By understanding employees' needs, managers can understand what rewards to use to motivate them. The goal of most companies is to benefit from positive employee behavior in the workplace by promoting a win–win situation for both the company and workers. This research sought to determine the impact of motivation as a HR bundle on teacher performance of public schools in Bungoma County. The study had the following hypothesis: there is no significant impact of motivation on teacher performance of public schools in Bungoma County. The study adopted descriptive and correlational survey designs. Validity of the research instruments was based on the three overarching forms of validity: content, face and construct validity. Reliability coefficient yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90.
Influence of Digital Payment Systems in Curbing of Procurement Fraud in State Corporations in Kenya
(Strategic Journals, 2022-10-04) Abuya, Joshua Olang'o; Panya, Kennedy Otieno
The main objective of this study was to find out the influence of digital payment systems in curbing procurement fraud in state corporations in Kenya. Specifically, the study identified the influence of Mobile wallets, QR payments, 3D secure and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). The research design employed in this study was descriptive. This study relied heavily on secondary data as is the case with most desktop research study. The study reviewed journal articles, unpublished papers and conference papers on influence of digital payment systems in organizations. The paper employed a desktop approach to provide answers to the research objectives. Specifically, the paper used content analysis to gather information from peer reviewed publications such as, journal articles, environmental organizations reports and books. The study found that while digitization is important, other factors like institutional incentives and capacities and strong leadership are key for enhanced efficiency, improved service delivery and reduced opportunities for corruption. The Study found that the traction of digital technologies in reducing fraud and corruption entirely depend on the institutional context. Any system will only be as good as the practices that complement it and the human face behind it. Digitization of government systems was found a more effective method of blocking leakages or channels of leakages for revenue generation, salary payment, contract payment and an end-to-end transaction involving the governments. The study posits that, electronic payment can help reduce corruption in Africa and in most developing countries as it promotes transparency. The study recommended that a number of reform actions are needed for a better public procurement system including, (i) Strengthening Compliance for enforcement, (ii) the need for an end-to-end E-procurement system for all Procurement Processes, (iii) Need for technological Skills among procurement professionals in public sector and need for transparency and accountability in the entire procurement process in Kenya.

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