Faculty of Education and Social Sciences (FESS)

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Tathmini ya vitabu vya kiada katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi ya Kiswahili katika shule za msingi za kaunti ya Busia
(KIBU, 2018-04) Abai, Rose Ajuma
Vitabu vya kiada ni nyenzo kuu hasa katika mchakato mzima wa ufundishaji na ujifunzaji. Ni vigumu kuafikia malengo ya elimu bila vitabu vya kiada. Ni muhimu kuteua kitabu cha kiada kinachofaa.Ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi ya Kiswahili kama msingi wa kukuza lugha ni jambo gumu linalohitaji kutiliwa maanani. Utafiti huu ulipata msukumo kutokana na hali kwamba vitabu mbalimbali vya kiada vimeidhinishwa na Taasisi ya Ukuzaji Mitaala Nchini Kenya kwa mitindo tofauti tofauti, kwa utaratibu wa sasa wa biashara huria ya vitabu na ubinafsishaji. Somo moja huweza kuwa na vitabu kadhaa. Ni kwa misingi hiyo ndipo utafiti huu ulidhamiria kutathmini vitabu vitatu vya kiada katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi ya Kiswahili kwa shule za msingi katika kaunti dogo ya Teso Kaskazini Kaunti ya Busia. Madhumuni ya utafiti huu yalikuwa kubainisha athari za matumizi ya vitabu vya kiada aina aina katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi ya Kiswahili, kisha kuchanganua mitazamo tofauti ya waandishi katika kueleza vipengele vya sarufi na kupambanua Nguvu Udhaifu Nafasi na Tishio (NGUNATI) ya vitabu vya kiada vya wanafunzi katika ufundishaji wa sarufi ya Kiswahili. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Masharti ya Ujifunzaji. Nadharia hii inasisitiza kushirikishwa kwa michakato ndani ya akili ya binadamu katika kufanikisha ujifunzaji. Muundo wa kimaelezo na kitakwimu na mkabala wa usoroveya ulitumiwa. Umma lengwa ya utafiti huu ilikuwa shule ishirini na nane (28) za msingi zilizoteuliwa kutumia mbinu ya kishada kutoka kwa jumla ya shule themanini na saba (87) zinazopatikana katika kaunti dogo la Teso Kaskazini. Jumla ya walimu ishirini na nane (28) wa somo la Kiswahili waliteuliwa kutumia mbinu ya kimaksudi na wanafunzi mia tatu arobaini na nne (344) waliteuliwa kutumia mbinu ya kinasibu. Jumla ya wasailiwa walikuwa 372. Data katika utafiti huu ilikusanywa kwa kutumia hojaji na uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo katika vitabu vitatu vya kiada vya Kiswahili. Uchanganuzi wa data ulifanywa kwa kutumia majedwali na asilimia. Data iliwasilishwa kwa kupitia maelezo ya kifafanuzi na mifano. Utafiti umebainisha kuwa walimu hutumia kitabu kimoja cha kiada. Kimsingi matokeo ya utafiti huu yamebainisha kuwa, kuna haja ya kutathmini na kufanya marekebisho katika vitabu vya kiada vinavyotumika katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi ili mahitaji ya wanafunzi yaweze kuafikiwa. Utafiti huu una mchango katika kuelewa uhalisia kuhusu vitabu vya kiada vinavyotumiwa katika shule nchini Kenya. Aidha, matokeo haya yanatarajiwa kuwapa washika dau mfumo wa kinadharia katika kutathmini vitabu vya kiada vinavyofaa kutumiwa katika ufundishaji wa sarufi ya Kiswahili.
Matumizi ya tarakilishi katika ufundishaji wa fasihi simulizi katika shule za upili nchini Kenya: Uchunguzi kifani wa kaunti ya Bungoma
(Kibabii University, 2018-05) Kibiti, David Barasa
Matumizi ya teknolojia za kisasa katika mawasiliano ni muhimu sana leo. Katika muktadha wa elimu, mbinu za kurahisisha mawasiliano darasani ni muhimu ili kuhakikisha matokeo mema katika mtihani na pia kuwaandaa wanafunzi katika matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa wanapomaliza shule. Tafiti nyingi zimefanywa kuhusu matumizi ya tarakilishi katika shughuli za elimu lakini hapana wowote tulioshuhudia unaohusu ufunzaji wa Fasihi Simulizi kwa kutumia tarakilishi. Pengo hili ndilo ambalo limejenga msingi wa utafiti huu. Basi katika utafiti huu, Mtafiti alichunguza matumizi ya tarakilishi katika ufunzaji wa Fasihi Simulizi. Utafiti huu hasa ulilenga kutathmini ni kwa kiwango kipi walimu wa Kiswahili hutumia tarakilishi katika kufunza Fasihi Simulizi. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya Ukubalifu na Utumizi wa Teknolojia iliyoasisiwa na Rogers (2003). Nadharia hii inafafanua hatua wanazopitia watumizi kabla ya kuanza kutumia teknolojia mpya katika shughuli zao. Utafiti uliegemea muundo wa kithamano na mkabala wa usoroveya na ulifanywa katika shule teule za upili katika kaunti ya Bungoma. Sampuli ya shule 18 iliteuliwa katika jumla ya shule teule za kaunti ndogo katika kaunti nzima. Shule hizi zimepandishwa vyeo mwaka wa 2010 na kufanywa kuwa shule teule katika kila eneo bunge. Wasailiwa walipatikana kutoka kwa jumla ya shule 314 za kaunti ya Bungoma. Sampuli ilijumlisha walimu wa Kiswahili 36, walimu wakuu 18 wa shule zilizoteuliwa. Jumla ya watafiti walikuwa 54. Mbinu za kuteua sampuli zilikuwa sampuli maksudi, sampuli nasibu tabakishi na sampuli nasibu. Utafiti huu ulitumia hojaji na mahojiano kama mbinu za kukusanya data. Hatimaye, data hizo zikawasilishwa na kuchanganuliwa kwa majedwali, nambari na asilimia. Mtafiti alipata kwamba shule zote kati ya zilizoteuliwa zina tarakilishi. Hata hivyo, hizi tarakilishi hazikutumiwa na walimu katika shughuli za kufunza darasani. Pia, ilibainika kuwa kuna changamoto zinazoathiri matumizi ya tarakilishi kama wenzo wa kufunzia. Mfano mwema ni ukosefu wa ujuzi wa tarakilishi miongoni mwa walimu na umeme usiotegemewa. Inatarajiwa kwamba matokeo yatawasaidia walimu kuboresha mbinu za ufunzaji hasa wa Fasihi Simulizi kwa kutumia teknolojia za kisasa. Serikali na wadau katika elimu watayaboresha mazingira ya elimu.
An analysis of the influence of civic education on public participation in elections in Bungoma County, 1992-2013
(KIBU, 2018-11) Birachi, Jane Nesuwu
An analysis of the influence of civic education on public participation in elections in Bungoma County, 1992-2013
Ethnic conflicts and the livelihoods of the Pokot and the Turkana communities in Kainuk and Sigor divisions in Kenya (1963-2016)
(2018-11) Wanyonyi, Diperus Wafula
Ethnic conflicts and the livelihoods of the Pokot and the Turkana communities in Kainuk and Sigor divisions in Kenya (1963-2016)
Farmer-herder conflicts and socio-economic development of local communities in Mutitu Sub Countty of Kitui County, Kenya (1963-2013)
(KIBU, 2018-11) Mwikali, Winnifred Wambui
Farmer-herder conflicts and socio-economic development of local communities in Mutitu Sub Countty of Kitui County, Kenya (1963-2013)
The redefined roles of women in Buchi Emecheta's the joys of motherhood and Tsitsi Dangarembga's nervous conditions
(KIBU, 2018-11) Masika, Maureen Nasambu
The redefined roles of women in Buchi Emecheta's the joys of motherhood and Tsitsi Dangarembga's nervous conditions
Matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi: mfano wa shule za upili za kaunti ndogo ya Moiben, Kenya
(KIBU, 2019-11) Joachim, Melly Kipchirchir
Utafiti ulichunguza matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi katika shule za upili zilizoko kaunti ndogo ya Moiben. Malengo ya utafiti yalikuwa ni: Kuthibitisha upatikanaji wa vifaa vya kisasa, kuchunguza jinsi walimu hutumia vifaa vya kisasa katika kufundisha sarufi, kuhakiki umuhimu wa matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi. Utafiti ulifanyika katika kaunti ndogo ya Moiben iliyoko katika kaunti ya Uasin Gishu. Eneo hili lilichaguliwa kimakusudi kuwakilisha maeneo mengine nchini Kenya yenye sifa sawa za ufundishaji na ujifunzaji. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya kujifunza kiugunduzi yake Bruner (1966). Utafiti ulizingatia muundo wa utafiti kimfano. Ulilenga shule za upili kumi na tano kati ya ishirini na sita zilizoko katika kaunti ndogo ya Moiben. Walengwa walikuwa walimu kumi na watano wanaofundisha sarufi na wanafunzi mia moja na watano wa kidato cha tatu. Walimu walichaguliwa kwa kuzingatia vipindi vya sarufi ya Kiswahili wanavyovifundisha. Wanafunzi wa kidato cha tatu walihusishwa kwa kuwa mada zilizolengwa katika utafiti zilifundishwa katika kidato cha tatu. Hojaji, mahojiano na uchunzaji zilitumika kukusanya data. Uchunzaji ulitumika kupata data kuhusu vifaa vinavyotumika darasani kufundisha sarufi. Hojaji ya mwalimu na mwanafunzi ilitumika kupata data kuhusu umuhimu wa matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi. Mahojiano yalitumika kupata data kuhusu changamoto za matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa. Data iliyokusanywa iliwasilishwa kwa kutumia asilimia majedwali. Hatimaye, data hii ilichanganuliwa kimaelezo. Matokeo ya utafiti yalibaini kuwa, chini ya asilimia 20 ya walimu katika kaunti ndogo ya Moiben walitumia tarakilishi na vipakatalishi pamoja na vinuruweo katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi. Matokeo yalithibitisha kuwa, vifaa hivi hurahisisha uelewekaji wa mada za sarufi, huleta uchangamfu darasani, huokoa muda na kuwashirikisha wanafunzi katika somo. Matumizi ya vifaa hivi yanakumbwa na changamoto kama vile: ukosefu wa mtandao shuleni, idadi kubwa ya wanafunzi, hitilafu za umeme, upungufu wa fedha za kuvinunua vifaa hivi, upungufu wa wakati na upungufu wa ujuzi wa matumizi baina ya walimu. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatakuwa ya manufaa kwa wizara ya Elimu nchini Kenya. Kutokana na changamoto zinazokumba matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa, matokeo haya yanaweza yakaisaidia Wizara ya Elimu kubuni mikakati ya kuzikabili changamoto hizi na kuyaboresha matumizi ya vifaa hivi. Aidha, yatawanufaisha walimu wa shule za upili kwa kuwa yatatoa fahamu zaidi kuhusu matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa sarufi.
Ufundishaji wa ushairi kwa kutumia tamthilia katika shule za upili nchini kenya: uchunguzi kifani wa kaunti ndogo ya teso kaskazini
(KIBU, 2019-11) Mukoya, Hillary Mauka
Tafiti nyingi zimefanywa kuhusu utanzu mmoja kutumika kuwasilisha mawazo katika utanzu mwingine. Mbinu ya mwelekeo mseto imetafitiwa na wataalam mbalimbali kuhusu isimu kutumika kufundisha fasihi na fasihi kutumika kufundisha isimu. Hata hivyo, mtafiti hajakumbana na utafiti unaohusu utanzu mmoja wa fasihi kutumika kufundisha utanzu mwingine wa fasihi, hasa tamthilia kufundisha ushairi. Kumbe dhana ya usetaji inaweza kutumika katika ufundishaji wa tanzu za fasihi. Kwa hivyo, kuna haja ya kufanya utafiti kuhusu ufundishaji wa ushairi kwa kutumia tamthilia. Lengo kuu la utafiti huu lilikuwa ni kuchunguza namna tamthilia inavyotumika kufundisha ushairi katika shule za upili zilizoko Kaunti Ndogo ya Teso Kaskazini, Busia Kenya. Malengo mahususi ya utafiti yalikuwa: kuchunguza namna ushairi unavyofundishwa katika shule za upili, kupambanua namna tamthilia inavyoweza kutumika kufundisha ushairi na kueleza mchango wa matumizi ya tamthilia katika ufundishaji wa ushairi. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya utanzu ambayo iliasisiwa na Boas (1940) na kuendelezwa naye Bakhtin (1981). Nadharia hii ina mihimili ifuatayo: Mhimili wa kwanza unaoshikilia kuwa, tanzu huibua muundo wa kazi fulani ya fasihi na kufanya kazi hiyo ieleweke kwa urahisi sana; mhimili wa pili unaeleza kuwa, matumizi ya utanzu mwingine huwafanya wasomaji au wapokezi kuwa na ilhamu zaidi kuliko kuwapa kila wanachotarajia na mhimili wa tatu unashikilia kuwa, tanzu mbili zilizozoeleka zitumike kwa pamoja kwa sababu ya sifa zenye uhusiano mkubwa. Utafiti huu ulitumia muundo wa kimaelezo. Sampuli ya utabakishaji wa kimakusudi ilitumika kuchagua shule za upili tisa (9) zilizowakilisha asilimia thelathini (30%) ya shule zilizo katika Kaunti Ndogo ya Teso Kaskazini iliyo na jumla ya shule thelathini (30). Kwa upande mwingine, sampuli ya kimakusudi ilitumika kuchagua mwalimu mmoja kutoka katika kila shule aliyeshiriki katika utafiti huu. Mbinu za ukusanyaji data zilizotumika ni usaili na uchunzaji. Data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa kuzingatia malengo mahususi ya utafiti. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kuwa, vipengee vya mtindo, muundo na maudhui katika ushairi vilifundishwa kwa kutumia mbinu tofautitofauti za ufundishaji. Aidha, ilibainika kuwa, tamthilia ya Kifo Kisimani, Mstahiki Meya na Kigogo zilikuwa katika nafasi nzuri ya kufundishia mtindo, muundo na maudhui kwa sababu zilikuwa na bahari mbalimbali za ushairi. Mchango wa matumizi ya tamthilia katika ufundishaji wa ushairi ulionyeshwa; utafiti ulibaini kuwa, ufundishaji wa tamathali za usemi ulifanywa kwa urahisi, muundo wa ushairi ulifafanuliwa vizuri, wanafunzi walielewa maudhui kwa urahisi, walimu walikamilisha silabasi mapema, wanafunzi walichangamkia somo, ilhamu ya kutafiti iliibuliwa miongoni mwa wanafunzi na wanafunzi walimakinika darasani. Utafiti huu unapendekeza kuwa, walimu watilie maanani mbinu mahususi za ufundishaji wanapofundisha vipengee vya ushairi kama vile mtindo, muundo na maudhui ili kuhakikisha kwamba, wanafunzi wanafurahia utanzu wa ushairi. Vilevile, unapendekeza kuwa, usetaji katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji uweze kutiliwa maanani na walimu wanapofunza ushairi wa Kiswahili kwa kusudi la kuondoa uchovu miongoni mwa wanafunzi. Aidha, unapendekeza walimu waboreshe mwelekeo wa ufundishaji mseto kusudi mada zinazofundishwa zieleweke bora zaidi. Pia unapendekeza kwamba, walimu wazingatie mchango wa matumizi ya tamthilia katika ufundishaji wa ushairi. Utafiti huu utawasaidia walimu wa shule za upili kuboresha zaidi ufundishaji wa ushairi kwa kuzingatia mbinu mahususi za ufundishaji wa ushairi. Utafiti huu pia utabainisha mchango wa kutumia tamthilia katika ufundishaji wa ushairi na hivyo basi, kufaa asasi zinazowaandaa walimu katika matumizi ya mbinu ya mwelekeo mseto katika ufundishaji wa fasihi.
Capitation grant and textbook student ratio in public secondary schools in Bungoma south subcounty Bungoma county Kenya
(KIBU, 2019-11) Amadi, Omega Kennedy
The Kenyan government spends part of Capitation Grant (CG): 54% of the tuition amount for purchase of textbooks in Public Secondary Schools in order to attain ratio of one textbook per student. From 2009 up to 2017 Public Secondary Schools had faced challenges in implementing the above policy. The study sought to establish the relationship between CG and Textbook Student Ratio in Public Secondary Schools in Bungoma South Sub-County, to identify the relationship between CG received towards textbook purchase and actual tuition Amount spent on purchase of textbooks in Public Secondary School, to determine the relationship between government policy on CG towards provision of textbooks and Curriculum diversity in Public Secondary Schools and to find out the effect of textbook ‘Harvesting’ and Donation on use ofCG towards purchase of textbooks in Public Secondary Schools. The study was guided by Human Capital Theory (HCT). The study used descriptive survey design to carry out the study with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was 53 Public Secondary Schools comprising of 637 respondents. The sample size was 379 respondents comprising of one Sub County Director of Education (SCDE), 27 Principals, 159 HODs, 27 accounts Clerks’ 27 Librarians, and 138 Students (Class secretaries). Yamane (1967) formula was used to get the sample size for the 159 HODs and 138 students/class representatives. Random sampling was used to recruit 159 HODs and 138 students (class representatives) while purposive sampling was used to recruit one SCDE, 27 principals, 27 accounts clerks and 27 librarians. The study used questionnaires and document analysis. Split-half reliability and coefficient alpha were used to ascertain reliability of the instrument. Validity of the instruments was conducted in 4 public secondary schools through piloting and any wanting instrument component was adjusted accordingly. The quantitative data collected was processed and analyzed using both descriptive; mean standard deviations and inferential statistics; ANOVA, tukey test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The study established that CGs were not adequately utilized to attain the desired 1: 1 textbook student ratio due to divers’ challenges. This may in the long run escalate through the 100 transition rate policy, Findings of this study indicate that insignificant amount of capitation grant funding was used towards textbooks over the years. The study recommends that, the MOE and school managers should come up with a robust CG policy for proper utilization of funds meant to purchase textbooks through enhancing monitoring systems for prudent management of the funds to avoid future high textbook student ratio and maintain the recommended ratio of 1:1.
Community radio and the development agenda of slum areas in Kenya: The case of Pamoja FM in Nairobi, Kenya
(KIBU, 2019-11) Manje, Isaac Wamalwa
This study sought to examine the role of community radio in promoting the development agenda of slum areas with a specific focus on Pamoja FM that serves Kibera slums in Nairobi. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the role of community radio in the development of slum areas; to analyse the relevance of existing regulatory framework of community radios in Kenya in reference to the development agenda; and to explore the development messages and programmes disseminated by community radios. This case study utilised a descriptive design using qualitative approaches. The study utilised interviews, observations, and review of documents as the strategies of collecting data. Data was collected from a census sample of five newsroom staff and thirty regular listeners of Pamoja FM together with key informants who were interviewed and also participated in focus group discussions to provide information on the role of Pamoja FM in promoting the development agenda of their communities. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data based on study objectives and field work. Data was presented in narrative form and direct quotations. The role of community radio in the provision of information and knowledge for development in slum areas were found to include fostering of peace building, promoting security, overcoming language barrier challenges in communication, encouraging community participation and mobilisation in development matters, acting as a government watchdog, empowering communities economically, and providing communities with a form of communication that they can closely identify with. The study concluded that community radio is a crucial part of the communication process that aids in social change because of its potential to facilitate participation and inclusion in development agenda. Most times, if community radio is part of the communication process in development agenda, the results include peace building, achievement of development goals, accountability, good governance and reduction of poverty. Regulatory restrictions greatly limit the income of community radio stations, thus hindering them from effectively carrying out their mandate. This study established that while community radios would effectively deliver information and knowledge about development to members of their communities, it does not necessarily mean that those people are paying particular attention to that information. The community radio has played its role of transmitting that information but this study recommends that it is important to also carry out an impact assessment to find out if people are really using that information which is readily available to them, or whether the information they receive is even useful to them or if it has any impact to them. The study further recommends that the government should make the regulatory framework friendlier for community radios and that community radios should find sustainability mechanisms to help them promote the development agenda of the communities they serve.
Mchango wa tamasha za muziki katika ufundishaji wa uainishaji wa nyimbo katika shule za upili nchini kenya
(KIBU, 2019-11) Angushi, Magambo Emilly
Wizara ya Elimu imekuwa ikitumia tamasha za muziki kuwaelimisha wanafunzi na hadhira kuhusu masuala mbalimbali. Tafiti nyingi zimefanywa kuhusu kipera cha nyimbo, lakini kuna haja ya kuchunguza njia mbadala za ufundishaji wa kipera cha nyimbo kwa sababu ni kipana mno na hata uainishaji wake hukanganya. Utafiti huu ulichunguza mchango wa tamasha za muziki kwa ufundishaji wa uainishaji wa nyimbo katika shule za upili nchini Kenya. Malengo mahususi ya utafiti huu yalikuwa: kupambanua uainishaji wa nyimbo katika tamasha za muziki, kubainisha namna uainishaji huu unavyoweza kutumiwa kufundisha uainishaji wa nyimbo darasani na kudhihirisha dhima ya nyimbo kupitia tamasha za muziki. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya utanzu, mhimili wa pili unaosema kuwa, tanzu huleta muwala katika matini na kufanya kazi ieleweke kwa urahisi, pamoja na nadharia ya ujifunzaji kijamii, mhimili wa tatu unaoshadidia kuwa ujifunzaji hushirikisha utazamaji. Sampuli iliyolengwa katika utafiti huu ilijumuisha shule zilizoshiriki katika mashindano ya tamasha za muziki ya Kanda la Magharibi zilizofanyika mwaka wa 2018. Utafiti huu ulifanywa kwenye mashindano ya tamasha za muziki kiwango cha kikanda eneo la Magharibi yaliyofanyika katika shule ya upili ya wavulana ya Chavakali iliyo katika Kaunti ya Vihiga ambayo kauli mbiu yake ilikuwa “Kuboresha umoja wa nchi, utangamano na uelewano kupitia tamasha za muziki nchini Kenya.” jambo ambalo lilijitokeza katika uchanganuzi wa data ya utafiti huu hasa kupitia lengo la tatu lililoshughulikia dhima ya nyimbo kupitia tamasha za muziki. Watafitiwa ishirini na tano walihojiwa; wanafunzi 20 na walimu 5 walioteuliwa kinasibu. Mbinu ya kuteua sampuli ilikuwa ya kinasibu. Mbinu hii ya kinasibu ilitumiwa katika kuteua nyimbo 10 zilizotumika katika utafiti huu. Mtafiti alitumia utazamaji na mahojiano kama mbinu za kukusanya data. Data ilikuwa ya kithamano. Uchanganuzi wa data ulifanywa kwa kutumia maelezo ya kiufafanuzi na kuwasilishwa kwa maandishi yaliyoambatana na mifano ya nyimbo na picha. Utafiti ulibaini kwamba nyimbo zimeainishwa katika madaraja mbalimbali kutegemea vigezo kama vile umri, mahali na maudhui. Utafiti huu ulidhihirisha kuwa tamasha za muziki zinaweza kuwa njia mbadala ya kufundishia uainishaji wa kipera cha nyimbo katika shule za upili nchini Kenya. Utafiti huu unapendekeza tamasha za muziki zichukuliwe kama mbinu nyingineyo ya kufundishia fasihi simulizi katika shule za upili. Umuhimu wa utafiti huu ni kuwa matokeo yake yataweza kuwafaidi wanafunzi na walimu katika ujifunzaji na ufundishaji wa uainishaji wa nyimbo kama kipera cha fasihi simulizi tunapotilia maanani mtaala mpya unaohimiza umuhimu wa kuendeleza ujuzi na maarifa na pia kuzingatia maarifa hayo katika hali halisi za maisha.
Dialectics of power and resistance in Francis Imbuga’s betrayal in the city and the return of Mgofu
(KIBU, 2019-11) Wekesa, Inviolata Naliaka
This study is an examination of dialectics of power acquisition, maintenance and resistance as depicted in Francis Imbuga’s two selected plays. The study addresses literature as a mirror of the society in relation to power discourses. The objectives of the study are: to investigate Imbuga’s use of characters to show how power is acquired and maintained in his two plays, to establish how Imbuga uses characters to resist power through diversified dialectical approaches and to examine the language use by Imbuga to dramatize the power discourses in Betrayal in the City and The Return of Mgofu. This study is guided by Karl Marx’s theory of Marxism particularly the strand of Dialectical materialism and revolution. Marxism theory is used to help explain power discourses in the society as portrayed by the playwright and also to establish the force behind the playwright that makes him present his ideas in the manner he does in the selected texts. The study is complemented with Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis Theory to help explain and analyze Imbuga’s diversified approaches to power discourses and the forms of resistance used in his works of art. The study is qualitative in nature that entails close reading and analysis of texts. The two texts, Betrayal in The City and The Return of Mgofu written in a span of about 35 years are selected to help investigate and identify the trend in Imbuga’s approach to power discourses in society. The major findings of this study are the shift in leadership from the concentration of power among individuals to council leadership, careful use of literary language is a safe means of addressing societal ills without brushing state harassment and the most appropriate approaches of resisting power is inclusion and use of diplomacy. This study is significant as it may be used to address the power obsession problems among African leaders who cling to power; which in turn lead to protests from the masses and civil strife in their countries. It is noted that Dialectical materialism and revolution strand of Marxism is the most appropriate way of negotiating for space in a highly polarized society. This is because those in authority do not feel directly attacked as compared to other Marxist approaches. This study can be used to recommend that literary artists should embrace Imbuga’s way of enlightening society by applying Marx strand of Dialectical materialism and revolution. This does not take leaders head on while cautioning the use of other strands of Marxism that are likely to cause more destruction of life, property and the general disintegration of society. Similarly, it recommends that writers should embrace literary language aspects that avoid direct confrontations with the authorities like the use of Horatian satire that Imbuga uniquely uses to achieve his objectives.

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