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Effects of staff turnover on the employee performance of work at Masinde Muliro university of science and technology
(Macrothink Institute, 2013-01-23) Butali, Namasaka David; Wesang’ula, Poipoi Moses; Mamuli, Laura Catherine
High staff turnover affects the smooth running of institutions. This study established the effect of staff turnover on performance of work in Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST). Specific objectives of the study were: to identify effects of staff turnover on administrative work and to identify financial/economic effects of staff turnover. A conceptual framework formed the basis of this study. Correlational research design was used in this study. Cluster random sampling procedure was used to collect data. Questionnaires, interviews, document analysis and observation were blended to capture authentic and exhaustive data. A randomly selected sample of 25 departments was used in this study. A total of 152 respondents participated. Data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics.. The study established that economically, staff turnover in increases work for the remaining staff, leads to customer dissatisfaction, brings about decreased income due to reduced productivity, and leads to increased liability to the practice. Socially, staff turnover lowers staff morale and creates gaps in the social groupings. The study recommends that MMUST should improve on mechanisms of getting feedback from its staff members regarding problems that are likely to cause staff turnover. In addition, staff taking over duties performed by those exiting be given proper orientation.
Paradigm shifts in access and trends in the management of education for societal development
(KIBU, 2017-06-14) Mutoro, Juliana Munialo
Developing societies currently understand the values of education as a tool for economic and social empowerment. Increased enrolment in education programmes, with particular reference to adult literacy programmes, has been cited as a key factor that explains the suggested appreciation for education within society. However, the quality of adult literacy programmes remains comparatively low despite the suggested demand for the aforementioned services. Key problems identified within the adult literacy programmes include limited facilitation of resources and the poor quality of suggested resources. The study features an analysis of Bungoma Sub-County, with the primary objective of understanding aspects of teaching resources (facilitation and quality) that influence the scope and efficacy of adult literacy programmes within the suggested domain. This study assessed the availability of teaching and learning resources, the nature of physical facilities, and characteristics of learners and facilitators within adult literacy programmes. Purposive sampling was used to recruit respondents for the study. Questionnaires, interview guides, and document analysis were used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed by both quantitative and qualitative techniques. 224 respondents were identified and sampled for the study. Results from the study indicated an upward trend in adult literacy enrolment, which is a plausible indicator to growing appreciation for education. The quality and efficacy of resources was considered low that objectified standards of practice. Aspects of resources that included physical facilities were equally below standard. The quality of facilitators was identified as being lower that objectified standards of practice, which was a problem equally attributed to poor resource facilitation from the government and stakeholders within the societal domain. Findings from the study revealed a need for better resource facilitation to improve outcomes within adult literacy programmes.
Availability of school facilities and their Influence on students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya
(KIBU, 2017-06-14) Mogaka, Malach; Kariuki, Samson Ikinya; Ogeta, Norbert
The study intended to investigate availability of essential school facilities and their influence on students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The study was guided by the Education production function model. The study adopted a correlational research design which involved students and teachers from the 246 public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The target population was 75,977 subjects comprising of 73,554 students and 2,423 teachers in public day secondary schools in Kisii County. The sample size was 350 students and 50 teachers totaling to 400 subjects. Data collection was done by use of student questionnaire Document analysis guide and Teachers Interview Guide. Data collected were both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational statistics and multiple regression. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and were reported as direct quotations. Findings from the analyzed data were presented as tables, pie charts and graphs. The study found out that most facilities needed for teaching and learning were available in most public day secondary school in Kisii County .These facilities ranged from recommended course books and set books, basic laboratory equipment, classrooms and libraries. Among the facilities that were not available in almost all schools were libraries. The study indicated that availability of school facilities alone did not influence students’ academic achievement.
Factors influencing participation of children in early childhood development and education programme in Bungoma South Sub-County, Bungoma County – Kenya
(KIBU, 2017-06-14) Oyamo, Joanna Murugi; Wafula, Robert
The purpose of the study was to investigate factors influencing participation of children in the ECDE programme in Bungoma South Sub-county of Bungoma County. Early childhood care and education programmes yield greater investment returns than any other level of education yet it is the age at which children are most vulnerable to life threats like disease, abuse and neglect. This study was guided by the objectives: To examine the influence of common ailments, teachers’ motivation and School Feeding Programme on participation of children in the ECDE programme. Systematic Random Sampling was used to identify 21 ECDE centers to be included in the study and 2 teachers from each centre involved directly as respondents. Data collection was done using questionnaires; collected data was further organized into themes then frequencies and percentages obtained. The information was presented on tables to make its interpretation clearer. Results obtained showed that absenteeism rate of 3% - 5% daily in the ECDE centres was due to common ailments; the highest satisfier for ECDE teachers was their good social relationship with other ECDE stakeholders while their highest dissatisfiers were their social status and remuneration; and, the feeding programme was very effective(88%) in enhancing enrolment and daily attendance of children. Based on the findings, the study concluded that childhood diseases affected children to the extent of them missing important school hours; the ECDE teachers’ motivation was generally low due to poor remuneration and the status accorded to them and finally, School Feeding Programmes enabled smooth transition from home to pre-school since it acted as a bridge between home and school. The study recommends that local communities be empowered economically to afford nutritious food and medical services for their children; a clear Scheme of Service for ECDE teachers be put in place stipulating their remuneration and School Feeding Programme be availed in every ECDE centre without fail.
Assessment of teacher trainees in teaching practice and sustainable teaching profession in reference to Trans-Nzoia County
(KIBU, 2017-06-14) Okebiro, Gilbert Nyakundi; Wamalwa, Kijana; Chemiat, Agnes
Assessment of teacher trainee in Teaching Practice (TP) is the last training of teachers in Teacher Training colleges and Universities. Teaching Practice is done by assessors who had the previous training of the same from such colleges and the criterion is followed worldwide. The problem is that some universities located in Trans-Nzoia are using unqualified/untrained assessors to assess students in TP. The consequence is poor assessment which eventually leads inadequately prepared teachers. The assessors send are administrators/ coordinators who are employed as full timers because the part time lecturers are not allowed to assessor and claim for allowances from the university. The objective of the study is to investigate who the assessors are; what are their qualification and training and the challenges the teacher trainees go through during TP assessment. The research applied survey method and interview technique collecting data from teacher trainees in Teaching Practice in Trans-Nzoia County through simple random sampling in secondary schools where teacher trainees were attached from various universities. The target population was two hundred and sample size was fifty. The key results indicate that assessors harass the teacher trainees, since they are administrators working in offices not having the content and methodology or pedagogy in assessment. The universities management sends administrators to assess student trainees because no full time lecturers. It is concluded that poor assessment done lead to half-baked graduates who lead to poor standards and low quality of education in Kenya. It is recommended, the universities follow the assessment criteria of assessing student trainees done three times by one lecturer of methodology and two teachers of subjects of student trainees subject of specialization of major and minor for three sessions in TP.
Influence of selection on academic staff retention in universities in Kenya
(KIBU, 2017-06-15) Mamuli, Catherine Laura; Namasaka, David Butali; Wekesa, Getty; Muyuka, Khayinga Consolata
Kenyan universities are operating in a highly competitive environment where supply of qualified academic staff is in deficit. One of the challenges these universities face is academic staff retention. This study sought to establish the influence of selection practices on academic staff retention in Universities in Kenya. The study was conducted in four public and four private universities and data was collected between the period June to September, 2016. The literature was reviewed as per the study objective. The study used mixed method research design. The target population was 2,768 academic staff from 8 (4 public and 4 private) universities. The sample size of 284 (276 departmental academic staff plus 8 (HR) registrars) was drawn. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedule.A validity index of 0.80 was obtained. Reliability of the questionnaires was measured and calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and a correlation coefficient of 0.84 was achieved .Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present data. Pearson correlation on commitment as a moderating variable was done and results showed that commitment affected selection practices significantly with the Pearson’s correlation of 0.4000 and p-value of 0.000. Additionally, commitment did not affect retention significantly with a correlation of 0.021 and p-value of 0.764. The findings of the study revealed that selection practices had an influence on academic staff retention in universities with a frequency of 131 and a percentage of 64.8 %.The overall conclusion of this study is that selection practices had significance influence on academic staff retention in universities in Kenya. The study recommended that universities should review their practices on selection so as to help them to achieve and enhance academic staff retention.
DCR/DSC 058: Social research methods
(KIBU, 2017-09-29) KIBU
DCR/DSC 058: Social research methods
Procurement of internet services by Kibabii University
(KENET, 2017-12) Ipara, Isaac O.
Use of agricultural technologies by women small scale farmers for sustainable food production in nyamira county Kenya
(KIBU, 2018) Bundi, Dorcas N.; Udoto, Maurice
Agricultural technologies have been known to play a major role in agricultural production especially increased food production. Women play a major role in agriculture especially in the provision of labour and farm inputs. Women tend to join women groups as innovations from which they access credit for food production activities. These informal credit systems have been used by women to access agricultural technologieS for sustainable food production household level at h. The study used maize, beans and fertilizers as indicators of food production standards linked agricultural technologies for sustainable food production. The study involved women group members and non-members as well as extension workers from Nyamira county Kenya. Ex post facto research design using survey method was applied in the study. The population of the study included 200 women small scale farmers and all the field extension workers in two Sub Counties ( Borabu and Ekerenyo) of Nyamira County. A sample of 100 women group members was selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling method while 100 non members were randomly selected for the study. 28 field extension workers were purposively selected for the study. The questionnaire for women farmers (WFQ) and extension workers questionnaire (EWQ) were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data for discussion. The use of certified maize and bean seed, and fertilizers by women group members was tested using chi-square. It was realized that there was significant difference in food production between women group members and non members at household levels in Nyamira County. The study revealed that women’s use of agricultural technologies play a vital role in household food production.
The response of single crosses to inoculation with maize lethal necrosis
(KIBU, 2018) Cheruiyot, Susan
Small scale farmers in Kenya live largely subsistence lives in which maize is by far the most important staple food commodity. A survey was carried out in Naivasha and Bomet to identify MLN resistant single cross varieties grown under high disease pressure. Data was collected on plant stand count and yield. MLN disease severity and MLN disease incidence was based on symptoms and diagnostic tests. Data on disease frequency and intensity was recorded at 3 weeks intervals after planting until the end of the grain filling period. Disease rate showed significant differences between Naivasha and Bomet. Naivasha had the highest disease incidence averaging over 40% while Bomet had the least incidence. Disease severity was also significantly different at α=0.05 between Naivasha and Bomet. It is concluded that MLN is still a persistent problem with high incidence associated with growing susceptible varieties, recycling hybrid seed and presence of alternative hosts for insect vectors. Breeding for disease resistance hybrids should incorporate farmer desired characteristics including high yield and high maturity. Development of resistant varieties is a crucial strategy to ensure safe production of maize in the region.
Incidence and prevalence of groundnut diseases in western Kenya
(KIBU, 2018) Arungaa, Edith Esther; Ochuodhob, Julius; Woyengoc, Vincent Were
Incidences of diseases often limits groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) production which is an important legume crop in Kenya. The crop can thrive under low soil moisture regimes and is well adapted to the hot, semi-arid conditions. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of groundnut diseases, in western Kenya in order to formulate future sustainable solutions to farmers. Purposeful sampling was used to sample diseased plants from Homabay, Migori, Kisii, Siaya, Kakamega, Bungoma and Busia representing different agro-ecological zones where groundnuts are grown. A total of 250 farms were surveyed in two growing seasons. Disease incidence was determined in every farm while prevalence was calculated per County. Fisher’s exact test was used to study associations between disease incidence and various seed qualities, cultivars grown and source of seed. The most prevalent disease observed was green rosette (84.6%), late leafspot (64.4%), early leafspot (49.3%) and chlorotic rosette (41.8%). Mosaic rosette, rusts, Alternaria leaf blight and web blotch were other diseases detected on groundnut. The mean incidence for early and late leafspot was 40.1% and 34.4%, respectively, while incidence for green, mosaic and chlorotic rosette was 24.4%, 28.7% and 18.8%, respectively. Diversity existed among groundnuts cultivars with the predominant seed types being large red, medium red and large brown. Improved cultivars were grown in 16.40% of sampled farms, having been introduced by ICRISAT and NGOs, while the rest comprised of local cultivars obtained informally. The Fisher’s exact test showed no association between disease incidence and the cultivars grown. Further, there was no association between the County of origin and incidences of green rosette and chlorotic rosette. However, significant associations were detected between disease incidences and the County surveyed for early leafspot, late leafspot and mosaic rosette. Because of the varied groundnut diseases in western Kenya, there is need therefore for further research towards increasing production of groundnuts through breeding and good agronomic practices.
Competence network for e-inclusion and assistive technologies
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Guyo, Huka; Chege, Amos
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed how people communicate, transfer knowledge and perform everyday tasks. Access to internet is an important factor in African countries, where availability of computers and smartphones constantly increases. ICT-based assistive tools allow Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) to learn, work in a well-paid job and participate in social activities. However, suitable assistive tools are often not available and unaffordable to people with disabilities. Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) has established various resources in the sector of Assistive Technology (AT), including various Open Source designs for alternative computer input solutions under Competence Network for e-Inclusion and Assistive Technology (CNEAT) program. The objective of the program is to establish, collect, extend and share knowledge, tools and best-practice models for affordable Assistive Technology (AT) and its application. MUST has established AT centers for learners living with disabilities in Igoji Small Home, Kaaga School for the Mentally Challenged and Autistic Children, and Athi Special School in Meru County. The assistive devices were easily configurable (FlipMouse) and usable for persons without limbs; but insufficient due to the high population of users against the quantity of devices. 90% of users prefer to work using the assistive devices and 80% of users prefer to use the system frequently. 60% of the users found it easy to use and the various integrated functions of the system, while 80% felt very confident using the system. The Schools lack ICT devices that can enable them to access learning content provided by the Kenyan Government. Consequently, AT Centre at MUST is now fabricating FlipMouse and FABI for learners with disabilities. ATs would thus, raise self-efficiency of PWDs and hence reduce poverty for Sustainable Development.
Lean operations practices as a tool for healthcare and nutrition for all: a case study of public hospitals in Nairobi County
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Obwocha, Geoffrey
Healthcare and nutrition for all can be achieved by the application of lean operations practices in public hospitals to improve organizational performance. Research done has shown that private hospitals perform better than public hospitals in the delivery of their services. Lean operations practices can eliminate general inefficiencies, wastes in areas of production and provision of services and increase production. This paper sought to demonstrate how lean operations practices adopted by public hospitals in Nairobi County have led to enhanced efficiency and productivity. It also shows that lean operations practices can have an effect on performance if adopted by hospitals. Primary data was collected using semi - structured questionnaires administered through drop and pick method. A descriptive cross-sectional census survey was used on the hospitals in Nairobi County. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results found that lean operations practices have been moderately adopted by public hospitals in Nairobi County and that these practices can explain 50% of the variations in performance. This effect was found to be statistically significant given that the F-value was higher than the Critical value and the calculated p-value was below 0.05 at 95% significance level. The study also found that the variables of specifying value and value stream mapping would have a negative effect on performance if one unit of production is added, while the other variables of pull, flow, 5S and perfection would have a positive effect. This study concluded that application of lean operations practices leads to improvement in organizational performance and recommends that public Organizations need to embrace lean operations practices and undertake training especially on the element of striving for perfection as it springboard for continual improvement and development.
Latrine characteristics and conditions, open defecation hotspots and latrine coverage in Lodwar, Turkana County, Kenya
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Busienei, P.J.; Ogendi, G.M; Mokua, M.A.
Poor sanitation is a major challenge in the world with approximately 2.5 billion people lacking access to improved sanitation. The situation is even worse in developing countries like Kenya. In Turkana County, approximately 80% of the population lack access to improved sanitation, and thus practice open defecation. This study was carried out in Lodwar town to assess toilet characteristics and conditions as well as mapping out open defecation hotspots and latrine coverage in the study area. A social survey study design was used in this study. Structured questionnaires containing both open and closed ended questions relating to the objectives of the study were administered to the participants representing the 403 household heads selected for this study. Observation checklists were also used to obtain further information relating to the practice of open defecation in the region. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, that is, frequencies and valid percentages. Significance level for all the tests were pegged at alpha ≤ 0.05. The results obtained from this study showed only 19.1% of the households sampled possessed a latrine facility at their homestead. These were mainly simple pit latrines. The few number of latrines present in the study area were in very poor conditions with 46 latrines constructed using poor materials such as mud, wood, grass materials, mats and polythene bags which do not provide enough privacy to the users. A total number of 39 latrines had human feces scattered on their floors, 21 of them were/almost filled up with feces visible and 9 had stagnant water on their floors. The practice of open defecation in the study area is very rampant with the residents defecating almost everywhere including the government properties such as the arboretum, the stadium and along all the roads. The few number of latrines, poor construction materials and latrine untidiness are some of the factors that have led to poor latrine conditions and characteristics and consequently the widespread open defecation observed in the arboretum, along the roads, rivers, and nearby bushes and thickets. This is a major threat to public health. Provision of fecal disposal facilities as well as sanitation campaigns are recommended for improved environmental and human health.
Determination of the surface roughness parameter and wind shear exponent of Kisii region from the on-site measurement of wind profiles
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Ongaki, Labani; Kerongo, Joash; Maghanga, Christopher
The research sought to investigate the surface roughness parameter (α) and wind shear exponent (z_0) of the Kisii region (elevation 1710m above sea level, 0.68oS, 34.79oE). A two month experiment was carried out at three sites of Kisii region wheretwo PRO AcuRite 01036 Wireless Weather Stations with pro+ 5-in-1 Sensors were set at different hub heights above the ground and data sent and received by a display board set at a room through remote sensing at an interval of 12 minutes. Data was collected from the display board through the pc connect software, grouped into discrete data and then calculated to represent; mean wind speed, diurnal variation, daily variation and monthly variations. The calculated averages of wind speeds at hub heights of 10m and 13m were then used to determine the wind shear exponent and roughness parameter of the sites. The wind shear exponents were found to be 0.92, 0.41 and 0.52 for Nyamecheo, Kisii University and Ikobe stations respectively. The roughness parameter was also calculated and found to be 3.75m, 0.98m and 1.68m for Nyamecheo, Kisii University and Ikobe respectively with an average of 2.153m.
Examining the role of language, culture and communication technology in reconstructing masculinity: a reflection on henry ole kulet’s ‘to become a man’
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Mukasa, Antony; Kinanga, Charles
This paper is an investigation on the role of language, culture and communication technology in reconstructing masculinity. The paper argues that there is an apparent disconnect between traditional and modern perspectives on what it means to be a man. The paper is guided by Raewyn Connell’s notion of masculinity. The paper seeks to examine the disconnect between the African traditional perception and the modern view of masculinity. It also analyses the role of language, culture and communication technology in the reconstruction of masculinity. The information in this paper was gathered through literature review. Among the key arguments in this paper is that there is an apparent disconnect between the traditional and modern views on what it means to be a man. The paper also argues that there is need to reconstruct the Aftican society’s perception of what it means to be a man in order to render it relevant in modern society. The paper further argues that language, culture and communication technology can play a complementary role in achieving this goal.
The impact of science and innovation in industrialization for social economic development in Bungoma sugar belts
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Juma, Fredrick
This paper investigates the impact of Science and ICT in industrialization for social Economic development in Bungoma County in western Kenya region. The subject of science specifically technological innovation and its impact on firms’ performances in different counties is yet to be exhaustively explored hence prompting need to do the study. This is because few research efforts have been made to investigate the low rate at which the sugarcane farmers are benefiting social economically from the different sugarcane factories set up. In order to enrich the literature, this paper assesses the derailed development of different innovative firm capacities of the different sugar factories by- products. The different by products include sugar, bagasse, molasses, green leaves, press mud and sugar cane wax. This study looks at the gap of innovation that will focus on different uses of the sugarcane by-products which can be highly beneficial not only in the Bungoma sugar belt but also the entire Kenya’s economy. The sample study has focused on the different sugar factories in the county through observation and administering of questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed using correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The correlation result shows that product innovation and process innovation will have significant positive impact on the social economic development of the county. However, the regression result confirmed that product and process innovations has led to low yields to farmers and the factories at large leading to poor social economic development. This is because the by products from the sugar plant have not been put to proper use by developing innovative industries like, fodder firms to process sugarcane green leaves, fibre industry to make cattle feeds from bagasse, citric acid from molasses firm and Electricity generation hence leading to increased industrialization due to tapping of already available raw materials that has been untapped. Generally the study will focus on different feasible innovations in sugarcane industries. Additionally, through this innovation it will reduce the regular uprooting of sugarcanes due to farmers’ frustration due to poor or low payments by the current sugar industries since the firms are focusing on only sugar as main product. In conclusion science and ICT in industrialization for social economic development through innovations on the different sugarcane products are critical elements for enhancing the continuity in sugarcane farming and improving people’s life in the entire Bungoma County.
Completeness of compact operators who’s norms are eigen values
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Ndong’a, Julia
The class of compact operators is fundamental in operator theory. Characterization of compact operators acting on different spaces has been fascinating to many Mathematicians. In this paper we consider the Hilbert and Banach spaces. Let X be a Banach space and T:X→X be a linear operator, then T is compact if it maps bounded sequences in X to sequences with convergent subsequences. The eigenvalue of an operator T, is a scalar λ if there is a nontrivial solution x such that Tx=λx. Such an x is called an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue λ. The set of all eigenvalues of T is called the point spectrum of T. Abramorich, Aliprantis and Burkinshaw asserted that there is a sequence x_n of unit vectors such that lim┬(n→∞)⁡〖‖(‖T‖ x_n-Tx_n )‖=0〗. A vector space V is said to be complete if every Cauchy sequence in Vconverges in V. In this paper, we have investigated in addition to completeness theorem other conditions for completeness of compact operators whose norms are eigenvalues. Let {T_n }_(n∈N) be an orthonormal sequence of compact operators whose norms are eigenvalues. Then it has been shown that the sequence {T_n }_(n∈N) is complete if and only if 〈T,T_n 〉=0 for all natural numbers nimplies T=0. Eigenvalues find a wide range of applications. In Biometrics, eigenfaces are used for identification. The norm is a notion of measurement, that is, the length or size of a mathematical object applicable in areas like statistics. Compact operators also have applications in Quantum mechanics.
Changamoto zinazowakumba vijana katika tamthilia ya Kitumbua kimeingia mchanga
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Mwangi, Jackson Ndung’u
Katika ulimwengu wa sasa, kuna mabadiliko chungu nzima yanayoshuhudiwa duniani kote yanasababishwa na masuala anuwai kama vile maendeleo ya kiteknolojia pamoja na utandarithi yanayoathiri pakubwa maisha ya vijana. Hapo nchini, vijana wana umuhimu wa kipekee kwani wanatekeleza majukumu muhimu sana katika kukuza uchumi wa nchi. Isitoshe, idadi ya vijana kote ulimwenguni imeendelea kuongezeka kila uchao na imepiku ile ya wazee. Kwa hivyo, ni nyema kujadili changamoto zinazowakabili na kupendekeza hatua za kukabiliana nazo. Lengo la utafiti huu lilikuwa ni kuchanganua changamoto zinazowakumba vijanapamojanaathari zake katika ya tamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia MchangayaS.A Mohamed (2000).Mada hiiilichaguliwakwamisingikwambavijanawanakumbwanachangamoto nyingikatikamaishayao zinazowaathiri kwa kiasi cha haja na kutinga juhudi za kuafikia jaala zao.Utafiti huu ulilenga kubainisha changamoto zinazowakumba vijanakatika tamthilia hii na kutambua mbinu ambazo vijana hawa wanazua ili kukabiliana nazo. NadhariayaUhalisiailitumika kwa sababuilionekana kufaa zaidi kuchanganua changamoto zinazowakumba vijana kwani changamoto hizi zina uhalisiamkubwakatikamaishayao. Madhumuniyautafiti huu yalikuwa ni kuchunguzanakueleza namna changamoto za vijana zinavyojitokeza katika tamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga na kisha kubainisha hatua zinazochukuliwa kuzitatua changamoto hizo. Utafiti huu ni wa kimaelezo na kiudhamano kwani ulihusisha kuchanganua matini zinazohusiana na mada husika. Sampuli katika utafiti huu iliteuliwa kimakusudi kwani ndiyo ingempa mtafiti data aliyonuia kuipata. Utafiti huu ulijikita katika maktaba ya kitaifa na yale ya vyuo vikuu humu nchini. Utafitiwetuumebainisha kidakidaki kwambatamthilia ya Kitumbua Kimeingia Mchanga imesheheniChangamoto nyingi mno zinazowaathiri vijana kamavile dawa za kulevya, dhuluma,anasa,uavyaji mimba,utabaka, athari za tamadunizakigenipamoja nakufanyiwa uamuzi.Aidha, imethihirika wazikuwa vijana wanazua mbinu kabambe za kutatua changamoto zinazowakumba kama vile kutafuta ushauri kutoka kwa wenzao, kutumia wazee na kuwa na ujasiri wa kujitetea dhidi ya wanaowadhulumu pamoja na serikali kukabiliana na walanguzi wa dawa za kulevya. Ni bayana kuwa utafiti huu utaifaa jamii ya wasomi wanaoshughulikia maswala ibuka katika jamii. Inapendekezwa kuwa tafiti za baadaye zitafiti kuhusu nafasi ya vijana katika jamii.
Utilization of locally available alternative feedstuffs for improvement of chicken production in Kenya
(KIBU, 2018-06-12) Wekesa, A.N.
The potential for increasing chicken production is through sound management practices, especially improved nutrition. Conventional poultry feeds ingredient in Kenya and other developing countries are becoming scarce and very expensive. However, a wide range of alternative feedstuffs are available for feeding birds in all production systems. The objective of this paper is to examine some of the locally available feedstuffs, their role in chicken nutrition and limitation arising from their usage. Birds require all nutrients namely, Energy, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins in balanced proportion. Nutrient requirement in birds vary according to genotype, age and purpose of production (eggs or meat). They require 2400-3200 kcal per day and 14-23 per cent energy and crude proteins respectively depending on breed, age and production. Alternative plant feed resources locally available in Kenya include; spend brewers waste (23.6% C.P and 14% C.F), Triticale (10.2-15.5% C.P), Wheat and sorghum grains, cassava roots and sweet potato tubers and green vegetable materials as well as cotton, sunflower and sesame seed meals. Alternative animal protein feed resource that can support chicken production include; housefly maggots (44.44-63.99% C.P and 2381-4140 kcal metabolizable energy), fish byproducts, termites (37-46.3% C.P), earth worms and soldier fly maggots. A number of challenges that may arise from utilization of alternative feeds; these include, lack of consistence in nutrient quality, limited information on available nutrients, presence of anti-nutritive factors, seasonal and unreliable supply, competition with humans and cost of processing. In conclusion, research, training and development agencies should focus the need to develop technologies that can reduce the cost of production by promoting and improving on the alternative poultry feed resource available in different ecological zones in Kenya. Key words: Chicken, Nutrients, Energy, protein, conventional feeds and alternative feeds

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