Browsing by Author "siamba, Donald N."

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Efficacy of Tephrosia vogelli and Vernonia amygdalina as anthelmintics against Ascaridia galli in indigenous chicken
(Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2007-01-01) siamba, Donald N.; Watai, M K.; Wachira, A.M.; Lukibisi, F B.; Mukisira, E.A
The efficacy of Tephrosia vogelli and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts as anthelmintic against Ascaridia galli was determined in-vitro and in-vivo.The extracts whose chemical constituents included rotenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, glycosides, anthracenes and tannins, had significant (p<0.05) activity against Ascaridia galli both in-vitro and in-vivo. The in-vitro larval migration inhibition of 74.7 and 63.7 % was supported by the faecal egg count reduction of 77.4 and 76.9 and reduced total worm counts at necropsy for Tephrosia vogelli and Vernonia amygdalina extracts, respectively. The results have demonstrated that the extracts of the two plants have significant activity against the chicken parasite Ascaridia galli and can be integrated in indigenous chicken health management system.
Heavy metal contamination at dumpsites at Eldoret, Kenya, in the Lake Victoria Basin
(Ajol: African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries, 2018-06-01) Khatiebi, Sandra; siamba, Donald N.; Onyando, Zedekiah; Mulmbala, Chrispinus; Konje, Martha
This study assessed the heavy metals concentrations in municipal solid wastes at Eldoret Mwenderi dumpsites located at the shores of river Sosiani within the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Concentrations of the three heavy metals analysed (lead, arsenic and cadmium) in water and leachate were higher than the WHO acceptable standards. Lead concentrations in solid wastes were slightly above East African acceptable standards but well above the US EPA compost standards. The wastes dumped in this site are not sorted and the dumpsite lacks a leachate collection and removal system. Lack of composite liners at the bottom and side of the dumpsite allow leachates to move into the ground water around the dumpsite. These metals are a potential threat to Lake Victoria and regular monitoring of ground and surface water of the surrounding area should be done to detect any heavy metals escaping the dumpsite.
Traditional herbal preparations for indigenous poultry health management in Western Kenya
(Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2007-01-01) Okitoi, L O; Ondwasy, H.O.; siamba, Donald N.; Nkurumah, D.
Conventional disease prevention methods are geared towards birds in confinement and not free range in an indigenous poultry production system. However, the existing indigenous technical knowledge inherited from past generations has sustained the local poultry production system. This knowledge is passed on verbally and is hardly documented. The study reportedly collected information on traditional preparations (e.g herbs) in Kimilili and South Wanga of Bungoma and Butere/Mumias districts respectively. Its objective being to document existing plant material (herbs) and any other traditional preparations used for poultry health management in rural poultry production systems. The study confirmed the existence of vast local knowledge for indigenous poultry health management. The preparations are usually more than one-plant parts whose amounts are not specific. They usually target symptoms of diseases, which were encoded into specific diseases. Aloe Vera, pepper, sisal and neem were the most used medicinal plants. Parts used included leaves, barks, and roots. Some specific concoctions were said to prevent or treat specific diseases. For example Aloe Vera was said to treat Newcastle, Croton megalocarpus was said to treat coryza sinusitis, Combretum mole was said to treat intestinal worms.