Browsing by Author "Wechuli, Alice Nambiro"

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A computer systems cybersecurity challenges encountered by secondary schools in Kenya, A case study of West Pokot county
(International Journal of Applied Research, 2023-04-28) Kwanya, Patrick Omondi; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Luvanga, Anthony
The education sector over time had experienced numerous computer cybersecurity challenges. These challenges made them became an easy target for the cybersecurity criminals. Nowadays, most of the secondary schools in Kenya had been equipped with computers and computing devices. Most of these schools had internet connectivity too making them vulnerable to cyber-attack. The vulnerability was also as a result of them lacking resources and attention to cybersecurity due to cybersecurity challenges they experienced. They had weak application security systems, weak endpoint security systems, and weak patch cadence. The study aimed at establishing the computer systems cybersecurity challenges in secondary schools in Kenya. The study was done in West Pokot County. From the finindgs- staffs were allowed to carry their computing devices to the schools, and they connected them to the schools' network in order to access internet; there was no segmentation of network to allow staffs have their own separate network access; some schools had IoT devices with no network segmentations; most schools lack data recovery plan, means to provide endpoint security, means to provide mobile security and means to provide website security. Lack of finance and budget, IT personnel, and user awareness contributed largely to these challenges. By establishing the computer systems cybersecurity challenges encountered, the secondary schools therefore, will find a solution to address them especially by looking at the contributors to the aforementioned challenges.
An Investigation of the Impact of System Virtualization on Green ICT Deployment in Kenyan Public Universities
(International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2018-04-28) Gichuki, Dennis Karugu; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Wabwoba, Franklin
The activities of public universities in Kenya today are heavily dependent on software and hence, the systems hosting them. This has resulted in an increased hardware acquisition which has led to increased implementation and maintenance costs as well as increased technical difficulties. This threatens the very sustainability of IT implementation. The purpose of this study was to formulate a system virtualization framework for sustainable IT deployment in public universities in Kenya. The study used mixed method. A survey was conducted in four public universities and one University College. The findings showed that system virtualization encourages hardware reduction, improved software reuse and improved security through the use of system virtualization. These findings imply that system virtualization reduces IT deployment costs as well as reduce amount of hardware components to be disposed. Challenges related to green ICT implementation in universities and university colleges include uncertainty in return on investment, limited financial support and limited collaboration. The study recommends that public universities and university colleges in Kenya to focus on a green IT framework in deploying ICT systems to ensure sustainability of the same.
Application of Geofencing in Safeguarding Sea Turtle Breeding Nets Along the Beaches in Kenya
(International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review, 2024-08-28) Mwangi, Zachariah Munyoro; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
Sea turtle is one of the most endangered species in the world, with their population declining over time. The behavior of sea turtle in terms of breeding and foraging makes it become exposed to multiple threats. It stays in the sea, but lays and hatches its eggs on the sandy beaches. It creates a nest using flippers. Humans have exploited sea turtles, ranging from use of its shell, meat and eggs. Other threats are from animals such as crabs, dogs, coyotes, red ants and birds. Conservation efforts to save the sea turtles have been an on-going process. It includes involvement of local communities, visitors, beach boys, boat operators, hotels, and other businesses along the shore lines. Specific conservation activities include physically guarding the nets, transferring eggs to hatcheries, fencing and roping of nests as well as erecting warning signs to minimize threats to nests. As an alternative method to fencing and roping of sea turtle nets, use of geofencing technology has been proposed. Geofencing involves creation of virtual boundaries around a specified location such that any target device will be alerted when it crosses the boundary. It makes use of GPS, Wifi, RFID or Cell ID. Nesting sites will be identified and a virtual boundary will be built around it. A person with pre-installed app will be notified through an alert whenever this virtual boundary is breached. This enables people to be informed so as to avoid the beach areas with nests. It will become an additional conservation strategy of creating awareness and minimizing vulnerability of the sea turtle as an endangered species.
Assessing the Long-Term Changes in Selected Meteorological Parameters over the North-Rift, Kenya: A Regional Climatology Perspective
(Hydrology, 2024-12-03) Makokha, John Wanjala; Masayi, Nelly Nambande; Barasa, Peter; Ikoha, Peters Anselemo; Konje, Martha Muthoni; Mutonyi, Jonathan; Okello, Victor Samuel; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Majengo, Collins Otieno; Khamala, Geoffrey Wanjala
Understanding long-term trends in climatic variables is essential for assessing climate change impacts on regional ecosystems and human livelihoods. A regional analysis of climatic variables over some domains is inevitable due to their geographical location and importance to the agricultural sector. Due to the aforementioned demands, the current study analyzes, trends in precipitation (from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS)), and minimum and maximum temperatures (from TerraClimate) over the North-Rift region of Kenya for over thirty (30) years using satellite data. The seasonal decomposition analysis was performed for each variable to explore the trends and residual components. The findings by the current study indicate that most counties, have experienced enhance precipitation which corresponds to a declining diurnal temperature from 2019 onwards. The seasonality component reveals repeated patterns or variations occurring at steady intervals within each region's data, hence suggesting a distinct regional seasonal trend in the selected meteorological parameters over time. Basically, all counties have reported a relatively constant variability in both maximum and minimum temperatures during the study period except from 2017 onwards where significant variability in the two properties is recorded. In conclusion, the foregoing results that the selected climatic variables exhibit significant spatiotemporal and interannual variability
Cloud Computing and Other ICT advancements Use in Kenya’s Agricultural Sector
(Asian Journal of Social Science and Management Technology, 2022-08-28) Onunga, Jeremiah Osida; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
According to the latest World Economic Forum study, agriculture provides a living for over 70% of Kenya's people. As a result, agriculture is a crucial sector in Kenya. Agricultural productivity is still low, and food poverty remains a problem. This has resulted in a number of projects in recent years to use ICT advancements to boost agricultural output. Cloud computing is one of the advancement that can be used by organizations that still have the traditional on premise IT systems. Agriculture is one of the most important areas that has shaped the socioeconomic growth of most countries. Over time, the benefits of widespread adoption and usage of information and communication technologies in agriculture have included improved agricultural productivity and linkages to remunerative markets, food security, and national economies, among other things. E-agriculture is a branch of activity that involves the use of information and communication tools and technology to boost agricultural productivity and make information pertinent to agricultural research, planning, extension, production, monitoring, marketing, and trade available. The goal of this desktop review research is to look into how ICT advancements have been used in Kenya's agriculture sector. Cloud computing as an advancement was reviewed. Cloud computing saves money by removing the need for costly infrastructure and it also gives businesses an easy-to-use, cost-effective, adaptable, dynamic, and secure environment in which to do business. Radios are still commonly utilized to disseminate agriculture information to rural farmers, according to the analysis, while computers are primarily used by researchers. Despite the fact that mobile-based services aimed to improve access to accurate and timely agriculture information, previous literatures show that adoption is hampered by poor technological infrastructure, ineffective ICT policies, and low user capacity, particularly among farmers, to use the technologies.
Empowering Small-Scale Women Entrepreneurs through ICTs for Socio-Economic Development
(IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 2021-04-28) Korongo, Julia N.; Mutai, Joram K.; Masese, Chuma Benard; Mbugua, Samuel Thaiya; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
Women entrepreneurs are recognized as drivers for sustainable and inclusive socio-economic growth. Despite this, Small-Scale Women Entrepreneurs (SSWEs) undergo challenges in the current global market due to limited access and use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs). The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is fueling fast-paced innovation and uptake of digital technologies in all spheres of life indicating that the widespread shift to the use of more ICTs is indispensable. This is becoming increasingly clear that SSWEs are under considerable pressure in meeting business demands in the new reality. The study employed desktop research using mixed methods and descriptive approach to establish the role of SSWEs; the factors affecting SSWEs in socio-economic development and analyze the potential ICTs opportunities as tools for empowering SSWEs. The article explores how SSWEs can benefit from integrating E-business and digital marketing to foster communication and business. An analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of SSWEs in relation to ICT4D is provided and the study recommends how to foster strategies and initiatives to promote SSWEs empowerment.
Enhancing the Adoption and Use of Cloud-Based Services by Universities in Developing Countries
(International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends, 2025-06-28) Mony, Victor Otieno; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
In the modern world, the adoption and use of cloud Computing are ubiquitous. Cloud Computing services are continuously playing a vital role in present Information Technology development paradigms. It is beyond reproach that aspects of cloud computing exist in almost all forms of manufacturing and service industries. Whereas the three Cloud Computing service models are vital, the most widely used service model is Software as a Service. In this service model, applications are outsourced under tenancy agreements by third parties known as Cloud Service Providers. Microsoft, Google, and IBM are the major players in the provision of Cloud Computing Services. Organizations migrating to the cloud operational model utilize Cloud Computing Services to gain a competitive edge, minimize operational costs, and utilize economies of scale. Unfortunately, the use of cloud computing service models in the educational sector in developing countries has not reached the expected capacity. Cloud Computing is still under-utilized by learning institutions in developing countries due to lack of infrastructure, lack of skillset, and lack of the equipment necessary for service operations. Most academicians in developing countries are unaware that the benefits of cloud services utilization education outweigh factors preventing its adoption. This research provides insight into the benefits of cloud computing services adoption in the educational sector and angles it as the perfect bridge in helping the achievement of academic goals. The paper seeks to convince academicians in developing countries that cloud computing services adoption can enhance the provision of cheap but quality education. If after reading through this paper, a scholar is compelled to incorporate cloud-based service design in their student’s learning paradigms, then, this paper would have achieved its objectives.
Evaluating Heutagogical ICT User Personality Characteristics for Girls Learning in Universities
(2022-04-28) Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Anselemo, Peters Ikoha
Digital technologies pervasiveness is changing the way people access information and understand it to gain knowledge and interact with what is around them and their relationship with other people. The adoption of Technology- Enabled Learning in institutions of higher learning seemed to provide a gender neutral learning since boys and girls can access the learning from anywhere and anytime. However, the access and use of the technology proves to be different. It is perceived that boys are more open-minded in the use of technology than girls. This suggests the decrease of girls in the use ICTs. Institutions of higher learning adopted blended or fully online mode of learning since the Covid-19 pandemic. This led to some form of stress among students especially those who were used to the face to face mode of learning. The stress seemed to be more evident in girls than in boys. When it comes to openness to the use of technology in learning, boys are more curious and accept the challenge more easily than girls. Uptake of ICT among girls is low due to user personality characteristics. This paper proposes a new model of ensuring that girls are fully involved in using ICT in learning despite their personality characteristics.
Evaluating Learning Analytics Usability Factors Towards Learner Performance Assessment in Virtual Environment in Kenyan Universities
(International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends, 2025-08-28) Mohammed, Mohammed Swaleh; Asenahabi, Bostley Muyembe; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Siunduh, Eric Sifuna
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the learning analytics usability factors towards e-learning learner performance assessment in Kenyan Universities. The study used quantitative methodology toward achieving the purpose of the study. Quantitative approach was attained through using five- point Likert scale distributed through random sampling to eight universities in Kenya. A focus on those students using e-learning whether blended or virtual learning. The findings revealed two factors: Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use.
Evaluating Learning Management System Usability Level Towards Online Learning: University Students Perspective
(International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology, 2022-12-28) Asenahabi, Bostley Muyembe; Anselemo, Peters Ikoha; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
Technology has revolutionized education and brought about new modes of learning. COVID-19 played a pivotal role as a catalyst for embracing technology-enhanced learning. Adopting Learning Management Systems without considering their usability may have a negative impact on the learners' experience, and lecturers may abandon the systems and opt for alternative online learning tools. This study adopts a design science worldview, quantitative research design and survey research method. It uses a sample size of 398 randomly selected learners to participate in the study. The proportional allocation method is used to get the exact number of learners per university who are randomly selected. Quality is ensured through validity analysis and reliability testing of research instruments. Exploratory Factor Analysis is used to extract principal components and indicators mapping onto them. Based on the indicators' theme converging on the constructs, the constructs are named: Usefulness, Satisfaction, Ease of use and Learnability. This paper is essential for university management as they gradually embrace Learning Management Systems for online learning.
Fostering the Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies for Youth and Women Empowerment
(Journal of Information Engineering and Applications, 2021-02-28) Micheni, Elyjoy; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Murumba, Julius; Machii, Jackson K
The fourth industrial revolution presents society with significant opportunities to incorporate emerging creative and technology innovations and strategies for youth and women empowerment. This paper uses content analysis in 1) identifying the fourth industrial revolution technologies available for youth and women's empowerment 2) exploring the capacity of 4IR technologies for empowering youth and women 3) investigating the difficulties faced by young and women in using these (4IR) technologies 4) exploring approaches that may encourage the use of these (4IR) innovations by young people and women. An analysis of the literature was carried out and included reports, scholarly journal articles, and conference proceedings. The keywords used were the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Youth, and women. The study concludes that the fourth industrial revolution promotes social change, improves service accessibility, improving global income levels, promoting the standard of living for youth and women, and enhancing the equitable digital economy
Global Information Technology Infrastructure in Addressing the Problem of Environmental Degradation in Kenya
(International Journal of Information Technology Convergence and Services, 2019-02-27) Owoche, Patrick Oduor; Wabwoba, Franklin; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and related research communities can help tackle environmental challenges in developing countries through environmentally sustainable models of economic development. The paper sought to examine the status of current and emerging environmentally friendly technologies, equipment and applications in supporting programs that play a role in addressing environment degradation in Kenya. It also sought to underscore the role of IT in environmentally sustainable consumption. The paper examines what constitutes environment degradation and explores the negative effects of IT infrastructure on the environment. The consequences of E-waste on environment are discussed followed by green IT as part of the solution to environment degradation as a result of adoption of IT. The papers also discuss the available IT infrastructure that can be used to combat the challenges of environment degradation. The paper ends with possible IT infrastructure measures that can be used to mitigate environment degradation.
Green Information Technology (IT) Strategies in Institutions of Higher Learning in Kenya for Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities
(International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology, 2023-02-28) Kirui, Leonard K.; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro; Masinde, Eugene O.
Green IT strategies refers to measures and steps of promoting environmentally friendly products and services towards reducing the levels of environmental degradation due to such as carbon emissions, air pollution, to combat effects of climate change. There is also the element of leverage on energy-efficient and cost-effective products and services. In this paper an attempt has been made to review previous literature related to the green IT strategies from the early phases of IT as a producer(device and data center) to the later strategic phases(with future technologies). Drivers of green IT strategies have also been explored and include: costs, regulatory and legal, social and political, new markets, self-drive and enabling business eco-system. Opportunities and recommendations on measures to be taken to enhance green IT strategies in IHL have also been discussed. To be able appreciate the drivers of green IT strategies, methodology adopted was that of qualitative content analysis. The aspects of availability of government goodwill, societal goodwill, market infrastructure, costs savings, human resource capacity, cultural shift, laid down government regulations and policies, provided nuances for green IT drivers. Support and adoption of green IT strategies as well as coming up with action plans and frameworks goes along in entrenching the green IT concept for environmental and socio-economical sustainability. There is little research and content on green IT strategies in Institutions of Higher Learning (IHL) in Kenya in terms of activities and institutional governance at the levels of operational, tactical and strategic. Perhaps, this is partly as result of weak link between national policies, institutional policies, and activities. The paper recommends re-configuring of Kenya government policies to better guide its institutions of higher learning in their role deliberated in responding to green IT strategies for sustainability.
Harnessing Information Communication Technology to Promote Healthcare Access by Women Living in Rural Areas : Opportunities and Challenges
(International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2022-06-28) Ronoh, Lilian Cherotich; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
In today’s world, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the driving force behind all economic, financial, technological and social developments. It is a tool that has reached and impacted individuals, organizations and nations globally. In the last couple of decades, ICT has revolutionized the medical field in a tremendous way. ICTs have impacted healthcare sector through sharing of public health information, diagnosis and treatment, facilitation of collaboration and cooperation among healthcare workers, remote consultation, effective health research, monitoring health incidences and improving overall efficiency of healthcare facilities. In this paper, desktop exploratory study was conducted to find out how ICT can be harnessed to promote healthcare access by women in rural areas considering associated opportunities and challenges. It looks at uptake of ICT in healthcare in developed countries versus developing nations. It concludes by outlining the opportunities and challenges associated with the application and use of ICTs by women living in rural areas.
ICT4D : Family Planning and Reproductive Health
(International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2020-08-28) Nyamwamu, Roseline Wangui; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
There is an ever-increasing trend in the utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) around the globe. However, the diffusion of innovations is not even in developing nations, requiring the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) policies to promote the reach of ICTs. In the field of family planning and reproductive health, ICTs, ranging from radio devices, television sets, wireless communication, mobile devices and computers play a significant enabling role in ensuring that reproductive health reaches many. In Kenya, there are several initiatives that this paper highlights as far as reproductive health is concerned. With the right policies, best practices as elucidated from past projects, and funding, ICTs have the capacity to increase access to reproductive health.
ICT4D and E-government
(International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2020-08-28) Okemwa, Joshua; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
The advancements surrounding information and communication technologies have become ubiquitous so much so that governments are now compelled to use them to reduce cost and increase their efficiency. E-government entails the application of information and communication technologies to deliver government services, increase interaction between the government and citizens, and improve the efficiency of the government. This paper details the various aspects of e-government implementation, ICT4D policies, and case studies from the United States and Kenya. Kenya is fast catching up with the rest of the world, having benchmarked the local e-government system with systems in Malaysia, Singapore, the UK, and South Africa among other nations. Limitations that the local implementation faces are detailed with the future of e-government being pitted as fruitful despite myriad infrastructural and training deficiencies.
ICT4d: Towards ICT Adoption In the Business Sector to Bridge Digital Divide
(Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 2020-06-28) Asenahabi, Bostley Muyembe; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to enhance businesses grew rapidly with the advent of the internet in developed countries in the 1990s and this made their businesses benefit to a large extend. The advances made in ICTs and businesses have forced businesses to embrace emerging technologies so as to remain competitive. Industries and firms which have adopted electronic-business initiatives have a better management of their internal business processes, have an improved profitability and operational efficiency, have a competitive edge in the market over their competitors and have an expanded customer base. This study examines how ICTs have impacted the development of businesses. The findings show that organizations have improved their operations and performance through the adoption and incorporation of ICTs in their internal processes, and reached out to a wider customer base both nationally and internationally. This paper will be of great importance to both small and large business organizations as it affords them information on the importance of adopting ICTs in their business processes.
Learners’ self-directed learning readiness factors towards online learning in Universities: An exploratory factor analysis
(Alupe University Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2025-04-28) Asenahabi, Bostley Muyembe; Ikoha, Peters Anselemo; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
Self-directed learning is an essential skill to be possessed by learners for them to comfortably study online besides harnessing their scientific reasoning, critical appraisal, information literacy, and life-long learning. The purpose of this study was to explore factors attributed to self-directed learning readiness towards online learning among university learners. The study adopted the design science world view, quantitative research design and survey research method. This study used a sample size of 398 learners who were randomly selected to take part in the study. Proportional allocation method was used to get the exact number of learners per university who were randomly selected. Quality was ensured through both validity and reliability tests. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to extract principal components and indicators mapping onto them. Based on the indicators’ themes that were converging on the constructs, the constructs were named: Self-Management with 13 indicators; Self- Control with 11 indicators and Urge to Learn with 6 indicators. This study will be beneficial to policy makers in universities for assessing the state of self-directed learning readiness of learners towards online learning.
Leveraging Digital Marketing Strategies for Hyper-Personalized Small and Medium Enterprises Websites
(International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology, 2024-08-28) Korongo, Julia N.; Anselemo, Peters Ikoha; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
The evolution of marketing has facilitated the adoption of innovative approaches to conducting online business. This study presents preliminary investigations into the integration of Digital Marketing Strategies (DMS) and Hyper-personalization tactics in promoting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) websites. The study objectives are to establish the role of DMS in promoting SMEs website presence, analyze the potential of hyper-personalization in transforming SMEs websites, and recommend further strategies for hyper-personalized SMEs websites. This study, guided by a pragmatism worldview, examines 95 Digital Marketing Agencies (DMAs) randomly and purposively selected from an online database. The study uses a descriptive mixed methods design to analyze data collected using desktop research and an online questionnaire. The research findings underscore the importance of DMS and hyper-personalization as evolving landscapes considering the changing technologies and dynamic website user behaviors. The results indicate that implementing well-designed DMS can influence hyper-personalized SMEs websites that improve performance and user engagement thus promoting SMEs website presence. Additionally, automation and artificial intelligence techniques to deploy profiling and analytics that align with DMS user requirements can leverage website users' real-time behavioral data. This aims to maximize the website opportunities that break away from traditional marketing that has long dominated SMEs. The study recommends fostering further strategies for personalized websites to help SMEs realize their digital marketing potential.
Measuring ICT Integration for Collaborative Learning
(International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2021-01-28) Batoya, Isaac Barasa; Anselemo, Peters Ikoha; Wechuli, Alice Nambiro
Portable technologies offer new opportunities for learning, in which, learning collaboratively has become an extremely important skill. Technology causes learners to be more engaged and often retain more information. Funding for technology has brought teacher and learner digital devices to a large number of classrooms in basic education. Given the vast resources invested in digital devices by the governments, measuring the level of ICT integration for collaborative learning in basic education is of crucial importance. The study established that 57.3% of variation in Collaborative learning in Basic Education was accounted for by Indicators of ICT Integration, The ICT integration framework for collaborative learning (IIFCL) so developed showed the critical indicators to measure the level of ICT integration for collaborative learning in basic education.