Browsing by Author "Obino, Paul Ong’anyi"

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    Strengthening Policies and Institutions to Support Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in the Drylands of East Africa
    (NCCR North-South, 2010-01-11) Speranza, Chinwe Ifejika; Ayiemba, Elias; Mbeyale, Gimbage; Ludi, Eva; Obino, Paul Ong’anyi; Mwamfupe, Davis
    We analysed how policies in Tanzania and Kenya address the strategies of agro-pastoralists for coping with and adapting to climate variability and climate change, based on data from semi-structured household surveys, group discussions, policy documents and other material. Many policies indirectly address climate variability and change by focusing on drought, suggesting that some form of mainstreaming already exists. Although the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) National Communications and the Tanzania National Adaptation Programme of Action propose technological rather than social adaptation measures, they address a broader range of adaptation strategies than development policies do and can be used as vehicles for improving adaptation planning. Some policies focus on securing production and food availability but do not address access to resources, a major concern for the vulnerable. Despite overlaps, few policies focus on key agro-pastoral strategies such as diversification, migration and multi-locality. Mixed cropping – a core agro-pastoral strategy – needs to be re-examined to ascertain the use of key crops that reduce vulnerability. Strategies promoted in policies related to soil conservation are not widely adopted, and land-use regulations are difficult to enforce: this needs to be re-examined. The multitude of policies translates into a multitude of institutions, duplication of activities, and conflicting goals, making it difficult to achieve synergies or set priorities. Creating enactments can offer guidelines for policy implementation. We show that by integrating the perspective of agro-pastoralists, i.e. the majority of the rural poor, policies and pro-poor adaptation strategies can be strengthened.
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    Water, sanitation and hygiene policies and their effects on participation in basic education in Bungoma County, Kenya
    (KIBU, 2018-06-12) Marakia, Wambeye Kimweli; Wasike, Duncan; Obino, Paul Ong’anyi
    Adequate access to water hygiene and sanitation is every human’s and child’s right. Water, sanitation and hygiene do not reflect policies aspirations and are not adequate to pupils needs, affecting their health, well-being and performance at school. The study sought to investigate water, sanitation and hygiene policies and their effects on participation in Basic Education in Bungoma County, Kenya. The specific objectives was to: Examine water Policies and their effects on student participation in Basic education in Bungoma county; Aassess the availability and appropriateness of the safety of water in primary and secondary schools in Bungoma county; Establish the effect of school sanitary and hygiene Policies on students’ participation in primary and secondary schools in Bungoma county. Descriptive survey design was used because survey method is ideal for collecting information by administering questionnaires. The target population included all the Primary and Secondary schools in Bungoma County (1079), _539,993 students and teachers. Representative sample units was selected using stratified sampling, random sampling and purposive sampling; From the Primary schools stratum 183 schools were chosen and from the secondary schools stratum 101 schools were chosen, a total of 284 schools were used as a representative sample. Random sampling was used to select Three (3) pupil/students from each school, three (3) teachers and the one (1) head teacher/Principal were chosen from each School to participate in the study. The primary data was collected using questionnaires and interview guide. The questionnaire was pilot-tested using a sample of ten (10) schools from Bungoma County. Reliability was determined using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r), a reliability of r = +0.70 was deemed sufficient. The secondary data for this study was obtained through document review. The researcher used descriptive statistics to analyze and organize data using frequencies, tables, graphs and charts. Multiple linear regressions was applied to analyze the data. The significance level was set at the level of .05 (p < .05). _