Browsing by Author "Ngeiywa, M."

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Influence of worm infection on immunopathological effect of mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae pathogen in goats
(2018) Maritim, N.; Ngeiywa, M.; Siamba, Donald N.; Mining, S.
| Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, caused by Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae (Mccp), is a highly contagious disease of goats usually with a high morbidity and mortality in naïve goats and a major threat to food security. Twenty four goats were used to investigate the influence of nematode infection on immunopathological responses to live Mccp antigens. Twelve goats in two groups of six (Group E1 without and E2with detectable helminthes), were inoculated intratracheally with Mccp organisms. The remaining 12 goats, six in each group, (F1 without and F2 with detectable helminthes) were used for contact transmission investigation. Clinical observations and records were done daily at 8.30 AM, blood for sera analysis was collected weekly, while pathological data was collected at postmortem. Analysis of variance and Tukey Honest Significant Difference, a post hoc test, were performed using R statistical packages (Rx64 3.2.4 revised). The results showed that red and gray lung consolidations were significantly different statistically (p< 0.05) thus corresponding to the observed clinical signs, fibrin deposition along with pleural effusions in nematode infected groups. There was a high morbidity in group E2 (4/6) compared to E1 (1/6) that necessitated euthanasia for welfare reasons. Fibrous adhesion, a sign of chronic disease was more pronounced in none helminthes infected groups though not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Evidence from this study indicates that worm infection impacts negatively on immune response to microbial infection and the resultant pathological picture. Thus we recommend that deworming exercise should be carried out, where feasible, prior to planned vaccination campaigns. Read more at http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/977/html#lAHpGBwgCy2VD8fA.99.
Morphological and metabolic response of infective larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus to temperature and moisture stress
(Moi university, 2009) Siamba, Donald N.; Gatongi, PM.; Ngeiywa, M.; Wamae, LW.; Wambugu, A.
The ability of certain species of parasitic nematodes to survive desiccation for considerable periods is a fascinating example of adaptation to the demands of fluctuating environments that occasionally can become extreme and life threatening. Behavioural and morphological adaptations associated with desiccation survival serve primarily to reduce the rate of drying, either to prolong the time taken for the nematode's water content to reach lethal low levels or, in true anhydrobiotes, to enable the structural and biochemical changes required for long-term survival to take place. Examples of these adaptations are reviewed, together with information on the factors involved in rehydration that ensure successful exit from the dormant state. Information on desiccation survival is central to effective management and control options for parasitic nematodes. It is also required to assess the feasibility of enhancing the longevity of commercial formulations of entomopathogenic nematodes, both before and after application; current research and future prospects for enhancing survival of these bio-insecticides are discussed.
The potential role of trehalose as a signal molecule in Hypobiosis of trichostrongyles
(Moi university, 2009) Siamba, Donald N.; Wamae, LW.; Gatongi, PM.; Ngeiywa, M.; Wambugu, A.
Parasites need necessary and timely adaptations that guarantee their survival in its challenging environment which may be external or internal to the host. The adaptations can be morphological, nutritional, life cycle, immunological or biochemical. These adaptations are the sharp weapons used by the small parasites to fight against the harsh environment surrounding it. Thorough analysis of these adaptations is the need of the hour to understand the weak points of the parasites. This will help us to design a better control strategy as well as to modify the existing control measures against them.