Browsing by Author "Ndirangu, PN."

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Bacterial causes of bovine mastitis and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns in Western and Central Kenya
(The Kenya veterinary association, 2013) Ndirangu, PN.; Wesonga, HO.; Siamba, Donald N.; Mugambi, JM.
A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2008 to April 2009 to estimate prevalence of mastitis and to see associated bacterial pathogens in lactating dairy cows in Holeta town. A total of 107 cross bred milking cows were tested using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 71.0% (76/107), out of which 22.4% (24/107) and 48.6% (52/107) were clinical and subclinical, respectively. The quarter level prevalence was 44.9% (192/428);from this the clinical and subclinical forms were 10.0% (43/428) and 34.8% (149/428), respectively. Out of the 43 quarters with clinical cases, 31 had blind teats while 12 of them revealed active cases of mastitis. Samples from all 12 active clinical cases and 90.0% (134/149) of the CMT positive subclinical quarters were found to be culture positive. From 146 culture positive samples, a total of 153 bacteria were isolated, the most prevalent being S. aureus (47.1%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (30.1%). Other bacterial isolates included Streptococcus (7.2%), E.coli (4.6%), Micrococcus species (3.3%), Klebsella pneumonae (3.3%), Enterobater aerogen (1.3%), Corynebacterium species (2.0%) and Bacillus (1.3%). Risk factors analysis revealed that prevalence significantly differed with the age (P < 0.05), parity (P < 0.05) and udder hygiene condition (P < 0.03).Thus, prevalence was relatively higher in adult cows (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.15, 3.64), cows with moderate calves (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6, 3.6), cows with injured teat (OR = 7.7, 95%CI = 0.9, 64.1) and cows with unwashed udder (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 0.8, 6.4) than those corresponding animals. In conclusion, this study revealed the importance of mastitis and associated bacterial pathogen in the study area.
Prevalence bovine mastitis and multi-antibiotic resistant staphylococcus and streptococcus species in a research centre farm at Naivasha, Kenya
(2017) Ndirangu, PN.; Siamba, Donald N.; Wesonga, HO.; Mungube, EO.; Maichomo, MW.; Mugambi, JM.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on prevalence of mastitis, its bacterial causes, their antibiotic sensitivities and management practices of sahiwal and dairy cattle kept at a centre of Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) in Naivasha, Kenya. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed through physical examination of cows’ udders and milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used to detect subclinical mastitis (SCM). Bacterial causes were determined by culture and their antibiotic sensitivities investigated by subjecting them to the commonly used antibiotics. Fifty cows were randomly selected from each herd giving a total of 100 cows. Prevalence of clinical mastitis in sahiwals at cow level was 6% (3/50) and subclinical mastitis (SCM) was 54% (27/50). Dairy herd had only SCM with a cow level prevalence of 36%. Prevalence of SCM was significantly different (p<0.05) between the herds. Sahiwal herd had 93.8% bacterial recovery rate with Staphylococcus species as the predominant bacteria (86.7%) (n=30). Other isolates included Streptococcus 6.3%, Corynebacterium 3.3%, and Escherichia coli. Mixed infection of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus was found in one case. Milk samples from dairy herd had a bacterial recovery rate of 85.7% with Staphylococcus species as the predominant (55.6%) bacteria. Other isolates included Streptococcus species (38.9%) and Corynebacterium (5.6%). Mixed infection consisting of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium (5.6%) was also detected. Staphylococcus isolates had highest sensitivity to Gentamycin of 100% while Streptococci had the highest sensitivity for Ampicillin and Gentamycin of 100%, respectively. The isolates showed resistance to some commonly used antibiotics such as sulphamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. Bovine mastitis is prevalent among cows at KALRONaivasha and appropriate control methods needs to be applied to lower this prevalence. Further, this study has shown that Gentamycin and ampicillin are the drugs of choice for treating bovine mastitis in this institute. In fact, knowledge on prevalence of mastitis causing organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities will boost efficacy of therapy and cow productivity.