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Synthesis and Characterization of Superabsorbent Hydrogel from Activated Hydrochar-Sucrose Crosslinked with Maleic Acid
(Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2026-01-30) Mukulu, Stanley M.; Mbuvi, Harun M.; Kasimu, Titus M.; Maingi, Francis M.
Superabsorbent hydrogels are hydrophilic materials forming three-dimensional polymer networks capable of absorbing large amounts of water. They are utilized in various fields, though most current types are non-biodegradable and costly to produce. This research explored a more sustainable approach by synthesizing superabsorbent hydrogels from activated hydrochar derived from sugarcane bagasse, using acidified potassium manganate for activation and sucrose for polymerization. Maleic acid was employed to create crosslinked structures, optimizing swelling capacity through varying conditions. Characterization through FT-IR confirmed successful crosslinkage. XRD analysis showed the amorphous nature of hydrochar and AH as compared to the increased crystallinity exhibited by AHSU polymer units and SAH superabsorbent hydrogel. SEM analysis revealed that the superabsorbent hydrogel had compact permeable surface network structures. The optimal synthesis ratio was found to yield a swelling capacity of 778% within 12 hours, highlighting the potential of these biocompatible hydrogels for agricultural applications in semi-arid and arid regions.