Becoming Kenyans: Socio-economic transformation of the pastoral Maasai

Abstract

The Maasai have been accused of resisting integration into Kenyan society since Independence and of adapting outdated pastoral practices that have been economically unproductive and environmentally damaging. This book is a detailed examination of these changes. Following some introductory chapters, the historical processes of change in the territorial and socioeconomic conditions of the Maasai are traced, in order to develop a general picture of their political economy and set the ground for discussing adaptive strategies. Focus is on the shaping of investment options and the social context of Maasai life, which exhibit the integration of the tribe into Kenyan state and economy. The gradual expansion of the market principle is described, making evident the emergence of commodity relations in capital and labour, and taking into account regional variations. Land tenure patterns and reforms are reviewed, highlighting the relationship between increasing commercialization and state policies. The growth potential that gives impetus to non-pastoral activities is believed to be a strong basis for career diversification among the Maasai. The impact of contextual transformations on concrete economic behaviour of pastoral management units is assessed in several chapters which look at separate aspects of integration and interaction. In conclusion, there is evidence to suggest that the Maasai are becoming Kenyans, for their interaction with the national economy has given rise to new conflicts and increasing state authority entrenchment which have shaped their organizational institutions, over the years.